Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability.
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| Title: | Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability. |
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| Authors: | Grubb, Matthew S., Burrone, Juan |
| Source: | Nature. 6/24/2010, Vol. 465 Issue 7301, p1070-1074. 5p. 4 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Axons, Axonal transport, Excitation (Physiology), Nervous system, Neural physiology, Neurophysiology, Cell physiology, Light emitting diodes, Sodium channels |
| Abstract: | In neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized region near the start of the axon that is the site of action potential initiation. The precise location of the AIS varies across and within different neuronal types, and has been linked to cells’ information-processing capabilities; however, the factors determining AIS position in individual neurons remain unknown. Here we show that changes in electrical activity can alter the location of the AIS. In dissociated hippocampal cultures, chronic depolarization with high extracellular potassium moves multiple components of the AIS, including voltage-gated sodium channels, up to 17 μm away from the soma of excitatory neurons. This movement reverses when neurons are returned to non-depolarized conditions, and depends on the activation of T- and/or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. The AIS also moved distally when we combined long-term LED (light-emitting diode) photostimulation with sparse neuronal expression of the light-activated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2; here, burst patterning of activity was successful where regular stimulation at the same frequency failed. Furthermore, changes in AIS position correlate with alterations in current thresholds for action potential spiking. Our results show that neurons can regulate the position of an entire subcellular structure according to their ongoing levels and patterns of electrical activity. This novel form of activity-dependent plasticity may fine-tune neuronal excitability during development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 51632804 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grubb%2C+Matthew+S%2E%22">Grubb, Matthew S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burrone%2C+Juan%22">Burrone, Juan</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nature%22">Nature</searchLink>. 6/24/2010, Vol. 465 Issue 7301, p1070-1074. 5p. 4 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Axons%22">Axons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Axonal+transport%22">Axonal transport</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Excitation+%28Physiology%29%22">Excitation (Physiology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nervous+system%22">Nervous system</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neural+physiology%22">Neural physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Neurophysiology%22">Neurophysiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cell+physiology%22">Cell physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Light+emitting+diodes%22">Light emitting diodes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sodium+channels%22">Sodium channels</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: In neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized region near the start of the axon that is the site of action potential initiation. The precise location of the AIS varies across and within different neuronal types, and has been linked to cells’ information-processing capabilities; however, the factors determining AIS position in individual neurons remain unknown. Here we show that changes in electrical activity can alter the location of the AIS. In dissociated hippocampal cultures, chronic depolarization with high extracellular potassium moves multiple components of the AIS, including voltage-gated sodium channels, up to 17 μm away from the soma of excitatory neurons. This movement reverses when neurons are returned to non-depolarized conditions, and depends on the activation of T- and/or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels. The AIS also moved distally when we combined long-term LED (light-emitting diode) photostimulation with sparse neuronal expression of the light-activated cation channel channelrhodopsin-2; here, burst patterning of activity was successful where regular stimulation at the same frequency failed. Furthermore, changes in AIS position correlate with alterations in current thresholds for action potential spiking. Our results show that neurons can regulate the position of an entire subcellular structure according to their ongoing levels and patterns of electrical activity. This novel form of activity-dependent plasticity may fine-tune neuronal excitability during development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1038/nature09160 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 5 StartPage: 1070 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Axons Type: general – SubjectFull: Axonal transport Type: general – SubjectFull: Excitation (Physiology) Type: general – SubjectFull: Nervous system Type: general – SubjectFull: Neural physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Neurophysiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Cell physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Light emitting diodes Type: general – SubjectFull: Sodium channels Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Activity-dependent relocation of the axon initial segment fine-tunes neuronal excitability. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Grubb, Matthew S. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Burrone, Juan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 24 M: 06 Text: 6/24/2010 Type: published Y: 2010 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00280836 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 465 – Type: issue Value: 7301 Titles: – TitleFull: Nature Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
