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Evidence for early specialized processing of speech formant information in anterior and posterior human auditory cortex.

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Title: Evidence for early specialized processing of speech formant information in anterior and posterior human auditory cortex.
Authors: Edmonds, Barrie A. (AUTHOR), James, Rachel E. (AUTHOR), Utev, Alexander (AUTHOR), Vestergaard, Martin D. (AUTHOR), Patterson, Roy D. (AUTHOR), Krumbholz, Katrin (AUTHOR)
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience. Aug2010, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p684-692. 9p. 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs.
Subjects: Formants (Speech), Auditory cortex, Temporal lobe, Electroencephalography, Diagnosis of brain diseases
Abstract: Many speech sounds, such as vowels, exhibit a characteristic pattern of spectral peaks, referred to as formants, the frequency positions of which depend both on the phonological identity of the sound (e.g. vowel type) and on the vocal-tract length of the speaker. This study investigates the processing of formant information relating to vowel type and vocal-tract length in human auditory cortex by measuring electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to synthetic unvoiced vowels and spectrally matched noises. The results revealed specific sensitivity to vowel formant information in both anterior (planum polare) and posterior (planum temporale) regions of auditory cortex. The vowel-specific responses in these two areas appeared to have different temporal dynamics; the anterior source produced a sustained response for as long as the incoming sound was a vowel, whereas the posterior source responded transiently when the sound changed from a noise to a vowel, or when there was a change in vowel type. Moreover, the posterior source appeared to be largely invariant to changes in vocal-tract length. The current findings indicate that the initial extraction of vowel type from formant information is complete by the level of non-primary auditory cortex, suggesting that speech-specific processing may involve primary auditory cortex, or even subcortical structures. This challenges the view that specific sensitivity to speech emerges only beyond unimodal auditory cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Evidence for early specialized processing of speech formant information in anterior and posterior human auditory cortex.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Edmonds%2C+Barrie+A%2E%22">Edmonds, Barrie A.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22James%2C+Rachel+E%2E%22">James, Rachel E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Utev%2C+Alexander%22">Utev, Alexander</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vestergaard%2C+Martin+D%2E%22">Vestergaard, Martin D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Patterson%2C+Roy+D%2E%22">Patterson, Roy D.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krumbholz%2C+Katrin%22">Krumbholz, Katrin</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Neuroscience%22">European Journal of Neuroscience</searchLink>. Aug2010, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p684-692. 9p. 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Formants+%28Speech%29%22">Formants (Speech)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Auditory+cortex%22">Auditory cortex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temporal+lobe%22">Temporal lobe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electroencephalography%22">Electroencephalography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diagnosis+of+brain+diseases%22">Diagnosis of brain diseases</searchLink>
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  Data: Many speech sounds, such as vowels, exhibit a characteristic pattern of spectral peaks, referred to as formants, the frequency positions of which depend both on the phonological identity of the sound (e.g. vowel type) and on the vocal-tract length of the speaker. This study investigates the processing of formant information relating to vowel type and vocal-tract length in human auditory cortex by measuring electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to synthetic unvoiced vowels and spectrally matched noises. The results revealed specific sensitivity to vowel formant information in both anterior (planum polare) and posterior (planum temporale) regions of auditory cortex. The vowel-specific responses in these two areas appeared to have different temporal dynamics; the anterior source produced a sustained response for as long as the incoming sound was a vowel, whereas the posterior source responded transiently when the sound changed from a noise to a vowel, or when there was a change in vowel type. Moreover, the posterior source appeared to be largely invariant to changes in vocal-tract length. The current findings indicate that the initial extraction of vowel type from formant information is complete by the level of non-primary auditory cortex, suggesting that speech-specific processing may involve primary auditory cortex, or even subcortical structures. This challenges the view that specific sensitivity to speech emerges only beyond unimodal auditory cortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07315.x
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              Text: Aug2010
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