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The influence of gender, social roles, and facial appearance on perceived emotionality.

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Title: The influence of gender, social roles, and facial appearance on perceived emotionality.
Authors: Hess, Ursula (AUTHOR), Thibault, Pascal (AUTHOR), Adams, Reginal B. (AUTHOR), Kleck, Robert E. (AUTHOR)
Source: European Journal of Social Psychology. Dec2010, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p1310-1317. 8p. 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Graphs.
Subjects: Analysis of variance, Comparative studies, Emotions, Face, Multivariate analysis, Scale analysis (Psychology), Sex distribution, Statistics, Stereotypes, Community support, Data analysis, Pre-tests & post-tests
Geographic Terms: Canada, Pennsylvania
Abstract: One of the most pervasive gender stereotypes in Western culture concerns expectations regarding men's and women's emotionality. Whereas men are expected to be anger prone, women are expected to smile more. At the same time, men are generally perceived as more facially dominant and facially dominant individuals are expected to show more anger. That is, both facial appearance and social role expectations would lead observers to expect men to show more anger. The present research had the goal to disentangle the unique contribution of these two factors. As it is impossible in our society to fully untangle the influence of these factors since they are highly confounded, we created an alien society where these factors could be unconfounded. In this alien world, Deluvia, child rearing is exclusively assumed by a third gender, the caregiver, whereas men and women share the same social roles. The facial appearance of the Deluvians was varied along the dominance continuum. The results showed that facially dominant Deluvians, regardless of gender, were expected to show more anger, disgust, and contempt and less happiness, fear, sadness, and surprise. Also, the nurturing caregivers were expected to show less anger, contempt, and disgust as well as more fear, sadness, and surprise, regardless of facial appearance. No effect of gender per se on perceived emotionality was found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Journal of Social Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
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  Data: The influence of gender, social roles, and facial appearance on perceived emotionality.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hess%2C+Ursula%22">Hess, Ursula</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thibault%2C+Pascal%22">Thibault, Pascal</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adams%2C+Reginal+B%2E%22">Adams, Reginal B.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kleck%2C+Robert+E%2E%22">Kleck, Robert E.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Journal+of+Social+Psychology%22">European Journal of Social Psychology</searchLink>. Dec2010, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p1310-1317. 8p. 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Graphs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotions%22">Emotions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Face%22">Face</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multivariate+analysis%22">Multivariate analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scale+analysis+%28Psychology%29%22">Scale analysis (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex+distribution%22">Sex distribution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stereotypes%22">Stereotypes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Community+support%22">Community support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pre-tests+%26+post-tests%22">Pre-tests & post-tests</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Canada%22">Canada</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pennsylvania%22">Pennsylvania</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: One of the most pervasive gender stereotypes in Western culture concerns expectations regarding men's and women's emotionality. Whereas men are expected to be anger prone, women are expected to smile more. At the same time, men are generally perceived as more facially dominant and facially dominant individuals are expected to show more anger. That is, both facial appearance and social role expectations would lead observers to expect men to show more anger. The present research had the goal to disentangle the unique contribution of these two factors. As it is impossible in our society to fully untangle the influence of these factors since they are highly confounded, we created an alien society where these factors could be unconfounded. In this alien world, Deluvia, child rearing is exclusively assumed by a third gender, the caregiver, whereas men and women share the same social roles. The facial appearance of the Deluvians was varied along the dominance continuum. The results showed that facially dominant Deluvians, regardless of gender, were expected to show more anger, disgust, and contempt and less happiness, fear, sadness, and surprise. Also, the nurturing caregivers were expected to show less anger, contempt, and disgust as well as more fear, sadness, and surprise, regardless of facial appearance. No effect of gender per se on perceived emotionality was found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Journal of Social Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=55450385
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        Value: 10.1002/ejsp.715
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 1310
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Analysis of variance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Comparative studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Face
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multivariate analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scale analysis (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex distribution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Stereotypes
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      – SubjectFull: Community support
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pre-tests & post-tests
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      – SubjectFull: Canada
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pennsylvania
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The influence of gender, social roles, and facial appearance on perceived emotionality.
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            NameFull: Hess, Ursula
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              M: 12
              Text: Dec2010
              Type: published
              Y: 2010
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