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Relativistic jet activity from the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole.

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Title: Relativistic jet activity from the tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole.
Authors: Burrows, D. N., Kennea, J. A., Ghisellini, G., Mangano, V., Zhang, B., Page, K. L., Eracleous, M., Romano, P., Sakamoto, T., Falcone, A. D., Osborne, J. P., Campana, S., Beardmore, A. P., Breeveld, A. A., Chester, M. M., Corbet, R., Covino, S., Cummings, J. R., D'Avanzo, P., D'Elia, V.
Source: Nature. 8/25/2011, Vol. 476 Issue 7361, p421-424. 4p. 3 Graphs.
Subjects: Black holes, Stars, Flares, Stellar activity, Gravitational fields, Redshift
Abstract: Supermassive black holes have powerful gravitational fields with strong gradients that can destroy stars that get too close, producing a bright flare in ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions from stellar debris that forms an accretion disk around the black hole. The aftermath of this process may have been seen several times over the past two decades in the form of sparsely sampled, slowly fading emission from distant galaxies, but the onset of the stellar disruption event has not hitherto been observed. Here we report observations of a bright X-ray flare from the extragalactic transient Swift J164449.3+573451. This source increased in brightness in the X-ray band by a factor of at least 10,000 since 1990 and by a factor of at least 100 since early 2010. We conclude that we have captured the onset of relativistic jet activity from a supermassive black hole. A companion paper comes to similar conclusions on the basis of radio observations. This event is probably due to the tidal disruption of a star falling into a supermassive black hole, but the detailed behaviour differs from current theoretical models of such events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burrows%2C+D%2E+N%2E%22">Burrows, D. N.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kennea%2C+J%2E+A%2E%22">Kennea, J. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ghisellini%2C+G%2E%22">Ghisellini, G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mangano%2C+V%2E%22">Mangano, V.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+B%2E%22">Zhang, B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Page%2C+K%2E+L%2E%22">Page, K. L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eracleous%2C+M%2E%22">Eracleous, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Romano%2C+P%2E%22">Romano, P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sakamoto%2C+T%2E%22">Sakamoto, T.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Falcone%2C+A%2E+D%2E%22">Falcone, A. D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Osborne%2C+J%2E+P%2E%22">Osborne, J. P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Campana%2C+S%2E%22">Campana, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beardmore%2C+A%2E+P%2E%22">Beardmore, A. P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Breeveld%2C+A%2E+A%2E%22">Breeveld, A. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chester%2C+M%2E+M%2E%22">Chester, M. M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Corbet%2C+R%2E%22">Corbet, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Covino%2C+S%2E%22">Covino, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cummings%2C+J%2E+R%2E%22">Cummings, J. R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22D'Avanzo%2C+P%2E%22">D'Avanzo, P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22D'Elia%2C+V%2E%22">D'Elia, V.</searchLink>
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  Data: Supermassive black holes have powerful gravitational fields with strong gradients that can destroy stars that get too close, producing a bright flare in ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions from stellar debris that forms an accretion disk around the black hole. The aftermath of this process may have been seen several times over the past two decades in the form of sparsely sampled, slowly fading emission from distant galaxies, but the onset of the stellar disruption event has not hitherto been observed. Here we report observations of a bright X-ray flare from the extragalactic transient Swift J164449.3+573451. This source increased in brightness in the X-ray band by a factor of at least 10,000 since 1990 and by a factor of at least 100 since early 2010. We conclude that we have captured the onset of relativistic jet activity from a supermassive black hole. A companion paper comes to similar conclusions on the basis of radio observations. This event is probably due to the tidal disruption of a star falling into a supermassive black hole, but the detailed behaviour differs from current theoretical models of such events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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