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Physiological mechanisms of signal termination in biological systems.

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Title: Physiological mechanisms of signal termination in biological systems.
Authors: Ligeti, E., Csépányi-Kömi, R., Hunyady, L.
Source: Acta Physiologica. Apr2012, Vol. 204 Issue 4, p469-478. 10p. 6 Diagrams.
Subjects: GTPase-activating protein, Immune recognition, NF-kappa B, Protein-tyrosine kinases, Signal generators
Abstract: Studies on the regulation of cellular activity mainly focus on signal generation, but termination of signalling is an equally important factor, which prevents inappropriate activity. This paper reviews the mechanisms, which can cause termination of signalling, and provides examples that illustrate the importance of these processes. Inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels and the photoactivated rhodopsin molecule is caused by rapid conformational rearrangements. Negative feedback can also contribute to the termination of signalling for various mechanisms, including plasma membrane ion channels or c AMP signal generation. In immune cells, the tyrosine-based inhibitory motif ( ITIM)-containing molecules are essential negative regulatory components. Desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors can occur with homologous and heterologous mechanisms, mediated by β-arrestin molecules and second messenger-induced kinases respectively. In NF-κ B signalling, resynthetized Iκ B and other enzymes form negative feedback loops. GTPase-activating proteins are also dedicated to termination of signalling, because they can switch off the small G proteins by increasing their endogenous GTP hydrolysis. In many systems, signal termination is a result of a combined action of several different mechanisms, which underlines the importance of these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Acta Physiologica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Physiological mechanisms of signal termination in biological systems.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ligeti%2C+E%2E%22">Ligeti, E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Csépányi-Kömi%2C+R%2E%22">Csépányi-Kömi, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hunyady%2C+L%2E%22">Hunyady, L.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Acta+Physiologica%22">Acta Physiologica</searchLink>. Apr2012, Vol. 204 Issue 4, p469-478. 10p. 6 Diagrams.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22GTPase-activating+protein%22">GTPase-activating protein</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immune+recognition%22">Immune recognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NF-kappa+B%22">NF-kappa B</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Protein-tyrosine+kinases%22">Protein-tyrosine kinases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+generators%22">Signal generators</searchLink>
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  Data: Studies on the regulation of cellular activity mainly focus on signal generation, but termination of signalling is an equally important factor, which prevents inappropriate activity. This paper reviews the mechanisms, which can cause termination of signalling, and provides examples that illustrate the importance of these processes. Inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels and the photoactivated rhodopsin molecule is caused by rapid conformational rearrangements. Negative feedback can also contribute to the termination of signalling for various mechanisms, including plasma membrane ion channels or c AMP signal generation. In immune cells, the tyrosine-based inhibitory motif ( ITIM)-containing molecules are essential negative regulatory components. Desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors can occur with homologous and heterologous mechanisms, mediated by β-arrestin molecules and second messenger-induced kinases respectively. In NF-κ B signalling, resynthetized Iκ B and other enzymes form negative feedback loops. GTPase-activating proteins are also dedicated to termination of signalling, because they can switch off the small G proteins by increasing their endogenous GTP hydrolysis. In many systems, signal termination is a result of a combined action of several different mechanisms, which underlines the importance of these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Acta Physiologica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immune recognition
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              Text: Apr2012
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