Amphetamine as a social drug: effects of d-amphetamine on social processing and behavior.
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| Title: | Amphetamine as a social drug: effects of d-amphetamine on social processing and behavior. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Wardle, Margaret, Garner, Matthew, Munafò, Marcus, Wit, Harriet |
| Source: | Psychopharmacology. Sep2012, Vol. 223 Issue 2, p199-210. 12p. 5 Charts, 3 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Amphetamines, Drug efficacy, Social processes, Interpersonal relations, Drug abusers, Social interaction, Empirical research |
| Abstract: | Rationale: Drug users often report using drugs to enhance social situations, and empirical studies support the idea that drugs increase both social behavior and the value of social interactions. One way that drugs may affect social behavior is by altering social processing, for example by decreasing perceptions of negative emotion in others. Objectives: We examined effects of d-amphetamine on processing of emotional facial expressions and on the social behavior of talking. We predicted amphetamine would enhance attention, identification, and responsivity to positive expressions, and that this in turn would predict increased talkativeness. Methods: Over three sessions, 36 healthy normal adults received placebo, 10, and 20 mg d-amphetamine under counterbalanced double-blind conditions. At each session, we measured processing of happy, fearful, sad, and angry expressions using an attentional visual probe task, a dynamic emotion identification task, and measures of facial muscle activity. We also measured talking. Results: Amphetamine decreased the threshold for identifying all emotions, increased negative facial responses to sad expressions, and increased talkativeness. Contrary to our hypotheses, amphetamine did not alter attention to, identification of, or facial responses to positive emotions specifically. Interestingly, the drug decreased the threshold to identify all emotions, and this effect was uniquely related to increased talkativeness, even after controlling for overall sensitivity to amphetamine. Conclusions: The results suggest that amphetamine may encourage sociability by increasing sensitivity to subtle emotional expressions. These findings suggest novel social mechanisms that may contribute to the rewarding effects of amphetamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 79340500 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Amphetamine as a social drug: effects of d-amphetamine on social processing and behavior. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wardle%2C+Margaret%22">Wardle, Margaret</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garner%2C+Matthew%22">Garner, Matthew</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Munafò%2C+Marcus%22">Munafò, Marcus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wit%2C+Harriet%22">Wit, Harriet</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychopharmacology%22">Psychopharmacology</searchLink>. Sep2012, Vol. 223 Issue 2, p199-210. 12p. 5 Charts, 3 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Amphetamines%22">Amphetamines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+efficacy%22">Drug efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+processes%22">Social processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+relations%22">Interpersonal relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drug+abusers%22">Drug abusers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+interaction%22">Social interaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Empirical+research%22">Empirical research</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Rationale: Drug users often report using drugs to enhance social situations, and empirical studies support the idea that drugs increase both social behavior and the value of social interactions. One way that drugs may affect social behavior is by altering social processing, for example by decreasing perceptions of negative emotion in others. Objectives: We examined effects of d-amphetamine on processing of emotional facial expressions and on the social behavior of talking. We predicted amphetamine would enhance attention, identification, and responsivity to positive expressions, and that this in turn would predict increased talkativeness. Methods: Over three sessions, 36 healthy normal adults received placebo, 10, and 20 mg d-amphetamine under counterbalanced double-blind conditions. At each session, we measured processing of happy, fearful, sad, and angry expressions using an attentional visual probe task, a dynamic emotion identification task, and measures of facial muscle activity. We also measured talking. Results: Amphetamine decreased the threshold for identifying all emotions, increased negative facial responses to sad expressions, and increased talkativeness. Contrary to our hypotheses, amphetamine did not alter attention to, identification of, or facial responses to positive emotions specifically. Interestingly, the drug decreased the threshold to identify all emotions, and this effect was uniquely related to increased talkativeness, even after controlling for overall sensitivity to amphetamine. Conclusions: The results suggest that amphetamine may encourage sociability by increasing sensitivity to subtle emotional expressions. These findings suggest novel social mechanisms that may contribute to the rewarding effects of amphetamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=79340500 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00213-012-2708-y Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 199 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Amphetamines Type: general – SubjectFull: Drug efficacy Type: general – SubjectFull: Social processes Type: general – SubjectFull: Interpersonal relations Type: general – SubjectFull: Drug abusers Type: general – SubjectFull: Social interaction Type: general – SubjectFull: Empirical research Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Amphetamine as a social drug: effects of d-amphetamine on social processing and behavior. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wardle, Margaret – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Garner, Matthew – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Munafò, Marcus – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wit, Harriet IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 09 Text: Sep2012 Type: published Y: 2012 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00333158 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 223 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Psychopharmacology Type: main |
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