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DEFICIENT INHIBITION OF RETURN IN SUBCLINICAL OCD ONLY WHEN ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE THREATENING ASPECTS OF A STIMULUS.

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Title: DEFICIENT INHIBITION OF RETURN IN SUBCLINICAL OCD ONLY WHEN ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE THREATENING ASPECTS OF A STIMULUS.
Authors: Harkin, Ben (AUTHOR), Kessler, Klaus (AUTHOR)
Source: Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269). Sep2012, Vol. 29 Issue 9, p807-815. 9p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Attention, Brain stimulation, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Cognition, Psychological disengagement, Control (Psychology), Visual perception
Abstract: Background Inhibition of return ( IOR) is thought to reflect inhibition of previously attended but irrelevant stimuli. Deficient IOR would increase the likelihood of revisiting previously searched locations or objects, thus leading to unproductive perseverations. Method Therefore, using a novel IOR task, we investigated whether high scoring checkers attentional biases to threat would result in dysfunctional inhibitory functioning compared to low checkers. In two tasks, we compared 53 subclinical high and 49 low checkers regarding IOR effects for stimuli that were concordant with the concerns of high but not of low checkers (electrical kitchen appliances: e.g., toaster, kettle). The difference between the two tasks was the cueing procedure. In one task, an appliance was switched ' ON' and ' OFF' as an unpredictive cue, drawing attention to the functionality of the stimulus. Results In this task, IOR was specifically attenuated in high checkers. In the other task, however, the cue was more abstract in form of a yellow outline that appeared around one of two appliances. Although the appliance was either ' ON' or ' OFF,' this did not seem to matter and high checkers revealed a typical IOR pattern similar to low checkers. Conclusions We conclude that IOR mechanisms might not be generally deficient in high checkers; rather only when attention is drawn to the threatening aspects of ecologically valid stimuli, then disengagement of attention is deficient in high checkers. We make suggestions on how our task-specific findings may inform cognitive interventions that target attentional control in the treatment of checking/obsessive-compulsive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
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  Data: DEFICIENT INHIBITION OF RETURN IN SUBCLINICAL OCD ONLY WHEN ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE THREATENING ASPECTS OF A STIMULUS.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harkin%2C+Ben%22">Harkin, Ben</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kessler%2C+Klaus%22">Kessler, Klaus</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Depression+%26+Anxiety+%281091-4269%29%22">Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269)</searchLink>. Sep2012, Vol. 29 Issue 9, p807-815. 9p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention%22">Attention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain+stimulation%22">Brain stimulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Obsessive-compulsive+disorder%22">Obsessive-compulsive disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+disengagement%22">Psychological disengagement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Control+%28Psychology%29%22">Control (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+perception%22">Visual perception</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background Inhibition of return ( IOR) is thought to reflect inhibition of previously attended but irrelevant stimuli. Deficient IOR would increase the likelihood of revisiting previously searched locations or objects, thus leading to unproductive perseverations. Method Therefore, using a novel IOR task, we investigated whether high scoring checkers attentional biases to threat would result in dysfunctional inhibitory functioning compared to low checkers. In two tasks, we compared 53 subclinical high and 49 low checkers regarding IOR effects for stimuli that were concordant with the concerns of high but not of low checkers (electrical kitchen appliances: e.g., toaster, kettle). The difference between the two tasks was the cueing procedure. In one task, an appliance was switched ' ON' and ' OFF' as an unpredictive cue, drawing attention to the functionality of the stimulus. Results In this task, IOR was specifically attenuated in high checkers. In the other task, however, the cue was more abstract in form of a yellow outline that appeared around one of two appliances. Although the appliance was either ' ON' or ' OFF,' this did not seem to matter and high checkers revealed a typical IOR pattern similar to low checkers. Conclusions We conclude that IOR mechanisms might not be generally deficient in high checkers; rather only when attention is drawn to the threatening aspects of ecologically valid stimuli, then disengagement of attention is deficient in high checkers. We make suggestions on how our task-specific findings may inform cognitive interventions that target attentional control in the treatment of checking/obsessive-compulsive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/da.21911
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      – SubjectFull: Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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              Text: Sep2012
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