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Brain activation during fear conditioning in humans depends on genetic variations related to functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: first evidence from two independent subsamples.

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Title: Brain activation during fear conditioning in humans depends on genetic variations related to functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: first evidence from two independent subsamples.
Authors: Ridder, S., Treutlein, J., Nees, F., Lang, S., Diener, S., Wessa, M., Kroll, A., Pohlack, S., Cacciaglia, R., Gass, P., Schütz, G., Schumann, G., Flor, H.
Source: Psychological Medicine. Nov2012, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2325-2335. 11p.
Subjects: Adrenal gland physiology, Hypothalamus physiology, Pituitary gland physiology, DNA analysis, Anxiety, Conditioned response, Fear, Genetics, Longitudinal method, Questionnaires, Research funding, Scales (Weighing instruments), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Statistical models, Descriptive statistics
Abstract: Background. Enhanced acquisition and delayed extinction of fear conditioning are viewed as major determinants of anxiety disorders, which are often characterized by a dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Method. In this study we employed cued fear conditioning in two independent samples of healthy subjects (sample 1: n = 60, sample 2: n = 52). Two graphical shapes served as conditioned stimuli and painful electrical stimulation as the unconditioned stimulus. In addition, guided by findings from published animal studies on HPA axis-related genes in fear conditioning, we examined variants of the glucocorticoid receptor and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 genes. Results. Variation in these genes showed enhanced amygdala activation during the acquisition and reduced prefrontal activation during the extinction of fear as well as altered amygdala-prefrontal connectivity. Conclusions. This is the first demonstration of the involvement of genes related to the HPA axis in human fear conditioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Brain activation during fear conditioning in humans depends on genetic variations related to functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: first evidence from two independent subsamples.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ridder%2C+S%2E%22">Ridder, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Treutlein%2C+J%2E%22">Treutlein, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nees%2C+F%2E%22">Nees, F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lang%2C+S%2E%22">Lang, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Diener%2C+S%2E%22">Diener, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wessa%2C+M%2E%22">Wessa, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kroll%2C+A%2E%22">Kroll, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pohlack%2C+S%2E%22">Pohlack, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cacciaglia%2C+R%2E%22">Cacciaglia, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gass%2C+P%2E%22">Gass, P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schütz%2C+G%2E%22">Schütz, G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schumann%2C+G%2E%22">Schumann, G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Flor%2C+H%2E%22">Flor, H.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Nov2012, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2325-2335. 11p.
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– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Background. Enhanced acquisition and delayed extinction of fear conditioning are viewed as major determinants of anxiety disorders, which are often characterized by a dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Method. In this study we employed cued fear conditioning in two independent samples of healthy subjects (sample 1: n = 60, sample 2: n = 52). Two graphical shapes served as conditioned stimuli and painful electrical stimulation as the unconditioned stimulus. In addition, guided by findings from published animal studies on HPA axis-related genes in fear conditioning, we examined variants of the glucocorticoid receptor and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 genes. Results. Variation in these genes showed enhanced amygdala activation during the acquisition and reduced prefrontal activation during the extinction of fear as well as altered amygdala-prefrontal connectivity. Conclusions. This is the first demonstration of the involvement of genes related to the HPA axis in human fear conditioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1017/S0033291712000359
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypothalamus physiology
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      – SubjectFull: DNA analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
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      – SubjectFull: Fear
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