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Suppression of star formation in the galaxy NGC 253 by a starburst-driven molecular wind.

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Title: Suppression of star formation in the galaxy NGC 253 by a starburst-driven molecular wind.
Authors: Bolatto, Alberto D., Warren, Steven R., Leroy, Adam K., Walter, Fabian, Veilleux, Sylvain, Ostriker, Eve C., Ott, Jürgen, Zwaan, Martin, Fisher, David B., Weiss, Axel, Rosolowsky, Erik, Hodge, Jacqueline
Source: Nature. 7/25/2013, Vol. 499 Issue 7459, p450-453. 4p. 3 Maps.
Subjects: Universe, Galaxies, Galactic windows, Starbursts, Molecular gas lasers, Stellar activity
Abstract: The under-abundance of very massive galaxies in the Universe is frequently attributed to the effect of galactic winds. Although ionized galactic winds are readily observable, most of the expelled mass (that is, the total mass flowing out from the nuclear region) is likely to be in atomic and molecular phases that are cooler than the ionized phases. Expanding molecular shells observed in starburst systems such as NGC 253 (ref. 12) and M 82 (refs 13, 14) may facilitate the entrainment of molecular gas in the wind. Although shell properties are well constrained, determining the amount of outflowing gas emerging from such shells and the connection between this gas and the ionized wind requires spatial resolution better than 100 parsecs coupled with sensitivity to a wide range of spatial scales, a combination hitherto not available. Here we report observations of NGC 253, a nearby starburst galaxy (distance ∼ 3.4 megaparsecs) known to possess a wind, that trace the cool molecular wind at 50-parsec resolution. At this resolution, the extraplanar molecular gas closely tracks the Hα filaments, and it appears to be connected to expanding molecular shells located in the starburst region. These observations allow us to determine that the molecular outflow rate is greater than 3 solar masses per year and probably about 9 solar masses per year. This implies a ratio of mass-outflow rate to star-formation rate of at least 1, and probably ∼3, indicating that the starburst-driven wind limits the star-formation activity and the final stellar content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Suppression of star formation in the galaxy NGC 253 by a starburst-driven molecular wind.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bolatto%2C+Alberto+D%2E%22">Bolatto, Alberto D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Warren%2C+Steven+R%2E%22">Warren, Steven R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leroy%2C+Adam+K%2E%22">Leroy, Adam K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Walter%2C+Fabian%22">Walter, Fabian</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Veilleux%2C+Sylvain%22">Veilleux, Sylvain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ostriker%2C+Eve+C%2E%22">Ostriker, Eve C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ott%2C+Jürgen%22">Ott, Jürgen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zwaan%2C+Martin%22">Zwaan, Martin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fisher%2C+David+B%2E%22">Fisher, David B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weiss%2C+Axel%22">Weiss, Axel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rosolowsky%2C+Erik%22">Rosolowsky, Erik</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hodge%2C+Jacqueline%22">Hodge, Jacqueline</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nature%22">Nature</searchLink>. 7/25/2013, Vol. 499 Issue 7459, p450-453. 4p. 3 Maps.
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  Data: The under-abundance of very massive galaxies in the Universe is frequently attributed to the effect of galactic winds. Although ionized galactic winds are readily observable, most of the expelled mass (that is, the total mass flowing out from the nuclear region) is likely to be in atomic and molecular phases that are cooler than the ionized phases. Expanding molecular shells observed in starburst systems such as NGC 253 (ref. 12) and M 82 (refs 13, 14) may facilitate the entrainment of molecular gas in the wind. Although shell properties are well constrained, determining the amount of outflowing gas emerging from such shells and the connection between this gas and the ionized wind requires spatial resolution better than 100 parsecs coupled with sensitivity to a wide range of spatial scales, a combination hitherto not available. Here we report observations of NGC 253, a nearby starburst galaxy (distance ∼ 3.4 megaparsecs) known to possess a wind, that trace the cool molecular wind at 50-parsec resolution. At this resolution, the extraplanar molecular gas closely tracks the Hα filaments, and it appears to be connected to expanding molecular shells located in the starburst region. These observations allow us to determine that the molecular outflow rate is greater than 3 solar masses per year and probably about 9 solar masses per year. This implies a ratio of mass-outflow rate to star-formation rate of at least 1, and probably ∼3, indicating that the starburst-driven wind limits the star-formation activity and the final stellar content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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