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Limited airborne transmission of H7N9 influenza A virus between ferrets.

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Title: Limited airborne transmission of H7N9 influenza A virus between ferrets.
Authors: Richard, Mathilde, Schrauwen, Eefje J. A., de Graaf, Miranda, Bestebroer, Theo M., Spronken, Monique I. J., van Boheemen, Sander, de Meulder, Dennis, Lexmond, Pascal, Linster, Martin, Herfst, Sander, Smith, Derek J., van den Brand, Judith M., Burke, David F., Kuiken, Thijs, Rimmelzwaan, Guus F., Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E., Fouchier, Ron A. M.
Source: Nature. 9/26/2013, Vol. 501 Issue 7468, p560-563. 4p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
Subjects: Influenza A virus, H7N9 subtype, Airborne infection, Influenza A virus, H5N1 subtype, Human genetic variation, Ferret, Hosts (Biology)
Abstract: Wild waterfowl form the main reservoir of influenza A viruses, from which transmission occurs directly or indirectly to various secondary hosts, including humans. Direct avian-to-human transmission has been observed for viruses of subtypes A(H5N1), A(H7N2), A(H7N3), A(H7N7), A(H9N2) and A(H10N7) upon human exposure to poultry, but a lack of sustained human-to-human transmission has prevented these viruses from causing new pandemics. Recently, avian A(H7N9) viruses were transmitted to humans, causing severe respiratory disease and deaths in China. Because transmission via respiratory droplets and aerosols (hereafter referred to as airborne transmission) is the main route for efficient transmission between humans, it is important to gain an insight into airborne transmission of the A(H7N9) virus. Here we show that although the A/Anhui/1/2013 A(H7N9) virus harbours determinants associated with human adaptation and transmissibility between mammals, its airborne transmissibility in ferrets is limited, and it is intermediate between that of typical human and avian influenza viruses. Multiple A(H7N9) virus genetic variants were transmitted. Upon ferret passage, variants with higher avian receptor binding, higher pH of fusion, and lower thermostability were selected, potentially resulting in reduced transmissibility. This A(H7N9) virus outbreak highlights the need for increased understanding of the determinants of efficient airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses between mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Limited airborne transmission of H7N9 influenza A virus between ferrets.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Richard%2C+Mathilde%22">Richard, Mathilde</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schrauwen%2C+Eefje+J%2E+A%2E%22">Schrauwen, Eefje J. A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Graaf%2C+Miranda%22">de Graaf, Miranda</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bestebroer%2C+Theo+M%2E%22">Bestebroer, Theo M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spronken%2C+Monique+I%2E+J%2E%22">Spronken, Monique I. J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Boheemen%2C+Sander%22">van Boheemen, Sander</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Meulder%2C+Dennis%22">de Meulder, Dennis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lexmond%2C+Pascal%22">Lexmond, Pascal</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Linster%2C+Martin%22">Linster, Martin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Herfst%2C+Sander%22">Herfst, Sander</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smith%2C+Derek+J%2E%22">Smith, Derek J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+den+Brand%2C+Judith+M%2E%22">van den Brand, Judith M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burke%2C+David+F%2E%22">Burke, David F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuiken%2C+Thijs%22">Kuiken, Thijs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rimmelzwaan%2C+Guus+F%2E%22">Rimmelzwaan, Guus F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Osterhaus%2C+Albert+D%2E+M%2E+E%2E%22">Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fouchier%2C+Ron+A%2E+M%2E%22">Fouchier, Ron A. M.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nature%22">Nature</searchLink>. 9/26/2013, Vol. 501 Issue 7468, p560-563. 4p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph.
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  Data: Wild waterfowl form the main reservoir of influenza A viruses, from which transmission occurs directly or indirectly to various secondary hosts, including humans. Direct avian-to-human transmission has been observed for viruses of subtypes A(H5N1), A(H7N2), A(H7N3), A(H7N7), A(H9N2) and A(H10N7) upon human exposure to poultry, but a lack of sustained human-to-human transmission has prevented these viruses from causing new pandemics. Recently, avian A(H7N9) viruses were transmitted to humans, causing severe respiratory disease and deaths in China. Because transmission via respiratory droplets and aerosols (hereafter referred to as airborne transmission) is the main route for efficient transmission between humans, it is important to gain an insight into airborne transmission of the A(H7N9) virus. Here we show that although the A/Anhui/1/2013 A(H7N9) virus harbours determinants associated with human adaptation and transmissibility between mammals, its airborne transmissibility in ferrets is limited, and it is intermediate between that of typical human and avian influenza viruses. Multiple A(H7N9) virus genetic variants were transmitted. Upon ferret passage, variants with higher avian receptor binding, higher pH of fusion, and lower thermostability were selected, potentially resulting in reduced transmissibility. This A(H7N9) virus outbreak highlights the need for increased understanding of the determinants of efficient airborne transmission of avian influenza viruses between mammals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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