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Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor.

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Title: Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor.
Authors: Ge, Xing-Yi, Li, Jia-Lu, Yang, Xing-Lou, Chmura, Aleksei A., Zhu, Guangjian, Epstein, Jonathan H., Mazet, Jonna K., Hu, Ben, Zhang, Wei, Peng, Cheng, Zhang, Yu-Ji, Luo, Chu-Ming, Tan, Bing, Wang, Ning, Zhu, Yan, Crameri, Gary, Zhang, Shu-Yi, Wang, Lin-Fa, Daszak, Peter, Shi, Zheng-Li
Source: Nature. 11/28/2013, Vol. 503 Issue 7477, p535-538. 4p.
Subjects: Coronaviruses, Horseshoe bats, SARS disease, Public health, Angiotensin converting enzyme, Feces, Pandemics
Abstract: The 2002-3 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was one of the most significant public health events in recent history. An ongoing outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suggests that this group of viruses remains a key threat and that their distribution is wider than previously recognized. Although bats have been suggested to be the natural reservoirs of both viruses, attempts to isolate the progenitor virus of SARS-CoV from bats have been unsuccessful. Diverse SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs) have now been reported from bats in China, Europe and Africa, but none is considered a direct progenitor of SARS-CoV because of their phylogenetic disparity from this virus and the inability of their spike proteins to use the SARS-CoV cellular receptor molecule, the human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here we report whole-genome sequences of two novel bat coronaviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats (family: Rhinolophidae) in Yunnan, China: RsSHC014 and Rs3367. These viruses are far more closely related to SARS-CoV than any previously identified bat coronaviruses, particularly in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. Most importantly, we report the first recorded isolation of a live SL-CoV (bat SL-CoV-WIV1) from bat faecal samples in Vero E6 cells, which has typical coronavirus morphology, 99.9% sequence identity to Rs3367 and uses ACE2 from humans, civets and Chinese horseshoe bats for cell entry. Preliminary in vitro testing indicates that WIV1 also has a broad species tropism. Our results provide the strongest evidence to date that Chinese horseshoe bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV, and that intermediate hosts may not be necessary for direct human infection by some bat SL-CoVs. They also highlight the importance of pathogen-discovery programs targeting high-risk wildlife groups in emerging disease hotspots as a strategy for pandemic preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ge%2C+Xing-Yi%22">Ge, Xing-Yi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jia-Lu%22">Li, Jia-Lu</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Xing-Lou%22">Yang, Xing-Lou</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chmura%2C+Aleksei+A%2E%22">Chmura, Aleksei A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Guangjian%22">Zhu, Guangjian</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Epstein%2C+Jonathan+H%2E%22">Epstein, Jonathan H.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mazet%2C+Jonna+K%2E%22">Mazet, Jonna K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Ben%22">Hu, Ben</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Wei%22">Zhang, Wei</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng%2C+Cheng%22">Peng, Cheng</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Yu-Ji%22">Zhang, Yu-Ji</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luo%2C+Chu-Ming%22">Luo, Chu-Ming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tan%2C+Bing%22">Tan, Bing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Ning%22">Wang, Ning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Yan%22">Zhu, Yan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crameri%2C+Gary%22">Crameri, Gary</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Shu-Yi%22">Zhang, Shu-Yi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Lin-Fa%22">Wang, Lin-Fa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Daszak%2C+Peter%22">Daszak, Peter</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shi%2C+Zheng-Li%22">Shi, Zheng-Li</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nature%22">Nature</searchLink>. 11/28/2013, Vol. 503 Issue 7477, p535-538. 4p.
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  Data: The 2002-3 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was one of the most significant public health events in recent history. An ongoing outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus suggests that this group of viruses remains a key threat and that their distribution is wider than previously recognized. Although bats have been suggested to be the natural reservoirs of both viruses, attempts to isolate the progenitor virus of SARS-CoV from bats have been unsuccessful. Diverse SARS-like coronaviruses (SL-CoVs) have now been reported from bats in China, Europe and Africa, but none is considered a direct progenitor of SARS-CoV because of their phylogenetic disparity from this virus and the inability of their spike proteins to use the SARS-CoV cellular receptor molecule, the human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here we report whole-genome sequences of two novel bat coronaviruses from Chinese horseshoe bats (family: Rhinolophidae) in Yunnan, China: RsSHC014 and Rs3367. These viruses are far more closely related to SARS-CoV than any previously identified bat coronaviruses, particularly in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. Most importantly, we report the first recorded isolation of a live SL-CoV (bat SL-CoV-WIV1) from bat faecal samples in Vero E6 cells, which has typical coronavirus morphology, 99.9% sequence identity to Rs3367 and uses ACE2 from humans, civets and Chinese horseshoe bats for cell entry. Preliminary in vitro testing indicates that WIV1 also has a broad species tropism. Our results provide the strongest evidence to date that Chinese horseshoe bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-CoV, and that intermediate hosts may not be necessary for direct human infection by some bat SL-CoVs. They also highlight the importance of pathogen-discovery programs targeting high-risk wildlife groups in emerging disease hotspots as a strategy for pandemic preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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