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Failure to benefit from target novelty during encoding contributes to working memory deficits in schizophrenia.

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Title: Failure to benefit from target novelty during encoding contributes to working memory deficits in schizophrenia.
Authors: Mayer, Jutta S. (AUTHOR), Kim, Jejoong (AUTHOR), Park, Sohee (AUTHOR)
Source: Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. May2014, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p268-279. 12p. 1 Chart.
Subjects: Short-term memory, Memory span, Schizophrenia risk factors, Recovered memory, Social skills
Abstract: Introduction. Although working memory (WM) impairments are well documented in schizophrenic patients (PSZ), the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of target salience during encoding to determine whether impaired visual attention in PSZ leads to poor WM. Methods. Thirty-one PSZ and 28 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) performed a spatial delayed-response task. Attentional demands were manipulated during WM encoding by presenting high salient (novel) or low salient (familiar) targets. Participants also rated their level of response confidence at the end of each trial, allowing us to analyse different response types. Results. WM was impaired in PSZ. Increasing target salience by increasing novelty improved WM performance in HC but not in PSZ. Poor WM performance in PSZ was largely due to an increase in the proportion of incorrect but high confident responses most likely reflecting a failure to encode the correct target. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that dysfunctions of non-mnemonic attentional processes during encoding contribute to WM impairments in schizophrenia and may represent an important target for cognitive remediation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Failure to benefit from target novelty during encoding contributes to working memory deficits in schizophrenia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mayer%2C+Jutta+S%2E%22">Mayer, Jutta S.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Jejoong%22">Kim, Jejoong</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Park%2C+Sohee%22">Park, Sohee</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Cognitive+Neuropsychiatry%22">Cognitive Neuropsychiatry</searchLink>. May2014, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p268-279. 12p. 1 Chart.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short-term+memory%22">Short-term memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory+span%22">Memory span</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Schizophrenia+risk+factors%22">Schizophrenia risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Recovered+memory%22">Recovered memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+skills%22">Social skills</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction. Although working memory (WM) impairments are well documented in schizophrenic patients (PSZ), the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of target salience during encoding to determine whether impaired visual attention in PSZ leads to poor WM. Methods. Thirty-one PSZ and 28 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) performed a spatial delayed-response task. Attentional demands were manipulated during WM encoding by presenting high salient (novel) or low salient (familiar) targets. Participants also rated their level of response confidence at the end of each trial, allowing us to analyse different response types. Results. WM was impaired in PSZ. Increasing target salience by increasing novelty improved WM performance in HC but not in PSZ. Poor WM performance in PSZ was largely due to an increase in the proportion of incorrect but high confident responses most likely reflecting a failure to encode the correct target. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that dysfunctions of non-mnemonic attentional processes during encoding contribute to WM impairments in schizophrenia and may represent an important target for cognitive remediation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1080/13546805.2013.854199
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Schizophrenia risk factors
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              Text: May2014
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