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Cannabis use and transition to psychosis in people at ultra-high risk.

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Title: Cannabis use and transition to psychosis in people at ultra-high risk.
Authors: Valmaggia, L. R., Day, F. L., Jones, C., Bissoli, S., Pugh, C., Hall, D., Bhattacharyya, S., Howes, O., Stone, J., Fusar-Poli, P., Byrne, M., McGuire, P. K.
Source: Psychological Medicine. Sep2014, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p2503-2512. 10p.
Subjects: Psychoses risk factors, Cannabis (Genus), Chi-squared test, Statistical correlation, Longitudinal method, Questionnaires, Substance abuse, T-test (Statistics), Sample size (Statistics), Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier estimator
Abstract: BackgroundCannabis use is associated with an increased risk of developing a psychotic disorder but the temporal relationship between cannabis use and onset of illness is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess prospectively the influence of cannabis use on transition to psychosis in people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for the disorder.MethodLifetime and continued cannabis use was assessed in a consecutively ascertained sample of 182 people (104 male, 78 female) at UHR for psychosis. Individuals were then followed clinically for 2 years to determine their clinical outcomes.ResultsLifetime cannabis use was reported by 134 individuals (73.6%). However, most of these individuals had stopped using cannabis before clinical presentation (n = 98, 73.1%), usually because of adverse effects. Among lifetime users, frequent use, early-onset use and continued use after presentation were all associated with an increase in transition to psychosis. Transition to psychosis was highest among those who started using cannabis before the age of 15 years and went on to use frequently (frequent early-onset use: 25%; infrequent or late-onset use: 5%; χ21 = 10.971, p = 0.001). However, within the whole sample, cannabis users were no more likely to develop psychosis than those who had never used cannabis (cannabis use: 12.7%; no use: 18.8%; χ21 = 1.061, p = 0.303).ConclusionsIn people at UHR for psychosis, lifetime cannabis use was common but not related to outcome. Among cannabis users, frequent use, early-onset use and continued use after clinical presentation were associated with transition to psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Cannabis use and transition to psychosis in people at ultra-high risk.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valmaggia%2C+L%2E+R%2E%22">Valmaggia, L. R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Day%2C+F%2E+L%2E%22">Day, F. L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jones%2C+C%2E%22">Jones, C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bissoli%2C+S%2E%22">Bissoli, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pugh%2C+C%2E%22">Pugh, C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hall%2C+D%2E%22">Hall, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bhattacharyya%2C+S%2E%22">Bhattacharyya, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Howes%2C+O%2E%22">Howes, O.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stone%2C+J%2E%22">Stone, J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fusar-Poli%2C+P%2E%22">Fusar-Poli, P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Byrne%2C+M%2E%22">Byrne, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McGuire%2C+P%2E+K%2E%22">McGuire, P. K.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Sep2014, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p2503-2512. 10p.
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  Data: BackgroundCannabis use is associated with an increased risk of developing a psychotic disorder but the temporal relationship between cannabis use and onset of illness is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess prospectively the influence of cannabis use on transition to psychosis in people at ultra-high risk (UHR) for the disorder.MethodLifetime and continued cannabis use was assessed in a consecutively ascertained sample of 182 people (104 male, 78 female) at UHR for psychosis. Individuals were then followed clinically for 2 years to determine their clinical outcomes.ResultsLifetime cannabis use was reported by 134 individuals (73.6%). However, most of these individuals had stopped using cannabis before clinical presentation (n = 98, 73.1%), usually because of adverse effects. Among lifetime users, frequent use, early-onset use and continued use after presentation were all associated with an increase in transition to psychosis. Transition to psychosis was highest among those who started using cannabis before the age of 15 years and went on to use frequently (frequent early-onset use: 25%; infrequent or late-onset use: 5%; χ21 = 10.971, p = 0.001). However, within the whole sample, cannabis users were no more likely to develop psychosis than those who had never used cannabis (cannabis use: 12.7%; no use: 18.8%; χ21 = 1.061, p = 0.303).ConclusionsIn people at UHR for psychosis, lifetime cannabis use was common but not related to outcome. Among cannabis users, frequent use, early-onset use and continued use after clinical presentation were associated with transition to psychosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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