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Anterior cingulate engagement in a foraging context reflects choice difficulty, not foraging value.

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Title: Anterior cingulate engagement in a foraging context reflects choice difficulty, not foraging value.
Authors: Shenhav, Amitai, Straccia, Mark A, Cohen, Jonathan D, Botvinick, Matthew M
Source: Nature Neuroscience. Sep2014, Vol. 17 Issue 9, p1249-1254. 6p. 1 Color Photograph, 4 Graphs.
Subjects: Foraging behavior (Humans), Decision making, Choice (Psychology), Consciousness, Emotions
Abstract: Previous theories predict that human dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) should respond to decision difficulty. An alternative theory has been recently advanced that proposes that dACC evolved to represent the value of 'non-default', foraging behavior, calling into question its role in choice difficulty. However, this new theory does not take into account that choosing whether or not to pursue foraging-like behavior can also be more difficult than simply resorting to a default. The results of two neuroimaging experiments show that dACC is only associated with foraging value when foraging value is confounded with choice difficulty; when the two are dissociated, dACC engagement is only explained by choice difficulty, and not the value of foraging. In addition to refuting this new theory, our studies help to formalize a fundamental connection between choice difficulty and foraging-like decisions, while also prescribing a solution for a common pitfall in studies of reward-based decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Anterior cingulate engagement in a foraging context reflects choice difficulty, not foraging value.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shenhav%2C+Amitai%22">Shenhav, Amitai</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Straccia%2C+Mark+A%22">Straccia, Mark A</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cohen%2C+Jonathan+D%22">Cohen, Jonathan D</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Botvinick%2C+Matthew+M%22">Botvinick, Matthew M</searchLink>
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  Data: Previous theories predict that human dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) should respond to decision difficulty. An alternative theory has been recently advanced that proposes that dACC evolved to represent the value of 'non-default', foraging behavior, calling into question its role in choice difficulty. However, this new theory does not take into account that choosing whether or not to pursue foraging-like behavior can also be more difficult than simply resorting to a default. The results of two neuroimaging experiments show that dACC is only associated with foraging value when foraging value is confounded with choice difficulty; when the two are dissociated, dACC engagement is only explained by choice difficulty, and not the value of foraging. In addition to refuting this new theory, our studies help to formalize a fundamental connection between choice difficulty and foraging-like decisions, while also prescribing a solution for a common pitfall in studies of reward-based decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature Neuroscience is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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