Lithium carbonate in the management of cannabis withdrawal: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in an inpatient setting.
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| Title: | Lithium carbonate in the management of cannabis withdrawal: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in an inpatient setting. |
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| Authors: | Johnston, Jennifer, Lintzeris, Nicholas, Allsop, David, Suraev, Anastasia, Booth, Jessica, Carson, Dean, Helliwell, David, Winstock, Adam, McGregor, Iain |
| Source: | Psychopharmacology. Dec2014, Vol. 231 Issue 24, p4623-4636. 14p. 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Treatment of drug withdrawal symptoms, Lithium carbonate, Marijuana abuse, Health outcome assessment, Addictions, Oxytocin |
| Abstract: | Rationale: Preclinical studies suggest that lithium carbonate (lithium) can reduce precipitated cannabinoid withdrawal in rats by stimulating release of the neuropeptide oxytocin, while two open-label studies indicate lithium may ameliorate cannabis withdrawal symptoms in humans. Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of lithium in the inpatient management of cannabis withdrawal and to determine whether lithium affects plasma oxytocin and the rate of elimination of plasma cannabinoids during abstinence. Methods: Treatment-seeking cannabis-dependent adults ( n = 38) were admitted for 8 days to an inpatient withdrawal unit and randomized to either oral lithium (500 mg) or placebo given twice a day under double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) conditions. Primary outcomes included withdrawal severity [cannabis withdrawal scale (CWS)], rates of detoxification completion, and adverse events. Plasma cannabinoids, plasma oxytocin and serum lithium levels were measured repeatedly over admission. Follow-up research interviews were conducted at 14, 30, and 90 days postdischarge. Results: Lithium did not significantly affect total CWS scores relative to placebo, although it significantly reduced individual symptoms of 'loss of appetite,' 'stomach aches,' and 'nightmares/strange dreams.' No significant group differences were found in treatment retention or adverse events. Lithium did not increase plasma oxytocin levels nor influence the rate of elimination of cannabinoids. Both placebo- and lithium-treated participants showed reduced levels of cannabis use (verified by urinalysis) and improved health and psychosocial outcomes at 30- and 90-day follow-up relative to pretreatment baselines. Conclusions: Despite the strong rationale for the present study, the efficacy of lithium over placebo in the management of cannabis withdrawal was not demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 99412946 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Lithium carbonate in the management of cannabis withdrawal: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in an inpatient setting. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johnston%2C+Jennifer%22">Johnston, Jennifer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lintzeris%2C+Nicholas%22">Lintzeris, Nicholas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Allsop%2C+David%22">Allsop, David</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suraev%2C+Anastasia%22">Suraev, Anastasia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Booth%2C+Jessica%22">Booth, Jessica</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carson%2C+Dean%22">Carson, Dean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Helliwell%2C+David%22">Helliwell, David</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Winstock%2C+Adam%22">Winstock, Adam</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McGregor%2C+Iain%22">McGregor, Iain</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychopharmacology%22">Psychopharmacology</searchLink>. Dec2014, Vol. 231 Issue 24, p4623-4636. 14p. 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Treatment+of+drug+withdrawal+symptoms%22">Treatment of drug withdrawal symptoms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lithium+carbonate%22">Lithium carbonate</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marijuana+abuse%22">Marijuana abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+outcome+assessment%22">Health outcome assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Addictions%22">Addictions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxytocin%22">Oxytocin</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Rationale: Preclinical studies suggest that lithium carbonate (lithium) can reduce precipitated cannabinoid withdrawal in rats by stimulating release of the neuropeptide oxytocin, while two open-label studies indicate lithium may ameliorate cannabis withdrawal symptoms in humans. Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of lithium in the inpatient management of cannabis withdrawal and to determine whether lithium affects plasma oxytocin and the rate of elimination of plasma cannabinoids during abstinence. Methods: Treatment-seeking cannabis-dependent adults ( n = 38) were admitted for 8 days to an inpatient withdrawal unit and randomized to either oral lithium (500 mg) or placebo given twice a day under double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) conditions. Primary outcomes included withdrawal severity [cannabis withdrawal scale (CWS)], rates of detoxification completion, and adverse events. Plasma cannabinoids, plasma oxytocin and serum lithium levels were measured repeatedly over admission. Follow-up research interviews were conducted at 14, 30, and 90 days postdischarge. Results: Lithium did not significantly affect total CWS scores relative to placebo, although it significantly reduced individual symptoms of 'loss of appetite,' 'stomach aches,' and 'nightmares/strange dreams.' No significant group differences were found in treatment retention or adverse events. Lithium did not increase plasma oxytocin levels nor influence the rate of elimination of cannabinoids. Both placebo- and lithium-treated participants showed reduced levels of cannabis use (verified by urinalysis) and improved health and psychosocial outcomes at 30- and 90-day follow-up relative to pretreatment baselines. Conclusions: Despite the strong rationale for the present study, the efficacy of lithium over placebo in the management of cannabis withdrawal was not demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Psychopharmacology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00213-014-3611-5 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 14 StartPage: 4623 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Treatment of drug withdrawal symptoms Type: general – SubjectFull: Lithium carbonate Type: general – SubjectFull: Marijuana abuse Type: general – SubjectFull: Health outcome assessment Type: general – SubjectFull: Addictions Type: general – SubjectFull: Oxytocin Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Lithium carbonate in the management of cannabis withdrawal: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in an inpatient setting. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Johnston, Jennifer – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lintzeris, Nicholas – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Allsop, David – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Suraev, Anastasia – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Booth, Jessica – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Carson, Dean – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Helliwell, David – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Winstock, Adam – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: McGregor, Iain IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 12 Text: Dec2014 Type: published Y: 2014 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 00333158 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 231 – Type: issue Value: 24 Titles: – TitleFull: Psychopharmacology Type: main |
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