The menstrual cycle, sex hormones, and anterior cruciate ligament injury.
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| Title: | The menstrual cycle, sex hormones, and anterior cruciate ligament injury. |
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| Authors: | Slauterbeck JR (AUTHOR), Fuzie SF (AUTHOR), Smith MP (AUTHOR), Clark RJ (AUTHOR), Xu KT (AUTHOR), Starch DW (AUTHOR), Hardy DM (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Athletic Training (National Athletic Trainers' Association). Jul-Sep2002, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p275-280. 6p. |
| Abstract: | Objective: To determine if anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes occur randomly or correlate with a specific phase of the menstrual cycle.Design and Setting: Female athletes who sustained ACL injuries reported the days of their menstrual cycles and provided saliva samples for sex-hormone determination. Salivary sexhormone profiles were assessed to confirm the self-reported menstrual histories.Subjects: A total of 38 female athletes (20 college, 15 high school, 1 middle school, 2 recreational) with recent ACL injuries participated in the study over a 3-year period.Measurements: Athletes with recent ACL injuries completed a questionnaire defining the injury, the last menstrual cycle, prior knee injury, school, and type of birth control used (if any). Each subject provided a 30-cc saliva sample within 72 hours of injury. Saliva samples were placed into sealed containers and frozen at -20 degrees C. We obtained 13 additional control samples from uninjured females to test the correlation between saliva and serum sex-hormone levels. Progesterone and estrogen were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, or surgery confirmed the injury in all subjects.Results: The correlations between saliva and serum estrogen and progesterone were 0.73 (alpha = .01) and 0.72 (alpha = .01), respectively. Ten of 27 athletes who reported their cycle day at time of injury sustained an ACL injury immediately before or 1 to 2 days after the onset of menses. We rejected the null hypothesis that such high frequency was due to random chance.Conclusions: A significantly greater number of ACL injuries occurred on days 1 and 2 of the menstrual cycle. Salivary sex-hormone levels correlated with the reported cycle day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Athletic Training (National Athletic Trainers' Association) is the property of National Athletic Trainers' Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Teacher Reference Center |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: trh DbLabel: Teacher Reference Center An: 106800797 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: The menstrual cycle, sex hormones, and anterior cruciate ligament injury. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Slauterbeck+JR%22">Slauterbeck JR</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fuzie+SF%22">Fuzie SF</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Smith+MP%22">Smith MP</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clark+RJ%22">Clark RJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xu+KT%22">Xu KT</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Starch+DW%22">Starch DW</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hardy+DM%22">Hardy DM</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Athletic+Training+%28National+Athletic+Trainers'+Association%29%22">Journal of Athletic Training (National Athletic Trainers' Association)</searchLink>. Jul-Sep2002, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p275-280. 6p. – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Objective: To determine if anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in female athletes occur randomly or correlate with a specific phase of the menstrual cycle.Design and Setting: Female athletes who sustained ACL injuries reported the days of their menstrual cycles and provided saliva samples for sex-hormone determination. Salivary sexhormone profiles were assessed to confirm the self-reported menstrual histories.Subjects: A total of 38 female athletes (20 college, 15 high school, 1 middle school, 2 recreational) with recent ACL injuries participated in the study over a 3-year period.Measurements: Athletes with recent ACL injuries completed a questionnaire defining the injury, the last menstrual cycle, prior knee injury, school, and type of birth control used (if any). Each subject provided a 30-cc saliva sample within 72 hours of injury. Saliva samples were placed into sealed containers and frozen at -20 degrees C. We obtained 13 additional control samples from uninjured females to test the correlation between saliva and serum sex-hormone levels. Progesterone and estrogen were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, or surgery confirmed the injury in all subjects.Results: The correlations between saliva and serum estrogen and progesterone were 0.73 (alpha = .01) and 0.72 (alpha = .01), respectively. Ten of 27 athletes who reported their cycle day at time of injury sustained an ACL injury immediately before or 1 to 2 days after the onset of menses. We rejected the null hypothesis that such high frequency was due to random chance.Conclusions: A significantly greater number of ACL injuries occurred on days 1 and 2 of the menstrual cycle. Salivary sex-hormone levels correlated with the reported cycle day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Athletic Training (National Athletic Trainers' Association) is the property of National Athletic Trainers' Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 6 StartPage: 275 Titles: – TitleFull: The menstrual cycle, sex hormones, and anterior cruciate ligament injury. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Slauterbeck JR – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fuzie SF – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Smith MP – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Clark RJ – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Xu KT – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Starch DW – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hardy DM IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: Jul-Sep2002 Type: published Y: 2002 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 10626050 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 37 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Athletic Training (National Athletic Trainers' Association) Type: main |
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