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Study on emission characteristics and influencing factors of aircraft exhaust: Based on systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Title: Study on emission characteristics and influencing factors of aircraft exhaust: Based on systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Zhao, Xinyue1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Yongyue1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Huan1,2 (AUTHOR) liu_env@tsinghua.edu.cn, He, Kebin1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Atmospheric Environment. Jun2026, Vol. 375, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subject Terms: *Aircraft exhaust emissions, *Pollutants, *Alternative fuels, Test methods, Exhaust systems, Research methodology, Thrust
Abstract: Global commercial aviation growth has made aircraft exhaust a core source of airport-area air pollution. Despite ICAO's EEDB on conventional pollutants, emissions are regulated by multiple factors, with sampling variations reducing emission index comparability and leaving organic component gaps. This study integrates engine test and plume sampling data via systematic review and meta-analysis, revealing differential impacts of thrust, testing methods, and fuel types. CO and HC peak at 52.04 g/kg and 11.02 g/kg during idle, declining with thrust; NO x and PM reach 22.75 g/kg and 147.74 mg/kg at takeoff, with particle number concentration bottoming at 2.61 × 1015/kg during climb. Testing method differences cause a 2.5-fold deviation in key pollutant emission factors, reflecting exhaust's secondary atmospheric transformation. Jet A-1 shows lower PN emissions than Jet A; blending sustainable aviation fuel with conventional fuel yields limited primary pollutant improvements. Organic component studies indicate idle phase contributes ∼70% of organic emissions, while high-thrust phases are alkane/alkene-dominated. Gaps exist in takeoff-phase IVOC data, full SAF emission characteristics, and testing standardization. This study supports improved emission testing, refined inventories, and airport emission reduction policies. • First synthesis of aircraft emission factors integrating 786 data points from 60 engine and plume tests across all LTO phases, establishing the most comprehensive dataset to date. • Quantified impacts of key factors on conventional pollutants: (i) thrust dependence—CO and HC decrease by ∼99% while NO x and PM increase up to 7-fold with increasing power, with PN exhibiting a U-shaped trend; (ii) testing methods—engine tests yield higher CO, while plume sampling captures higher PN due to atmospheric transformation; (iii) fuel effects—Jet A-1 shows lower PN than Jet A, but SAF blends offer limited reduction in primary pollutants. • Idle phase dominates organic emissions with alkanes/alkenes prevailing; IVOC data during takeoff remain critically scarce, highlighting priority research needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: GreenFILE
Description
Abstract:Global commercial aviation growth has made aircraft exhaust a core source of airport-area air pollution. Despite ICAO's EEDB on conventional pollutants, emissions are regulated by multiple factors, with sampling variations reducing emission index comparability and leaving organic component gaps. This study integrates engine test and plume sampling data via systematic review and meta-analysis, revealing differential impacts of thrust, testing methods, and fuel types. CO and HC peak at 52.04 g/kg and 11.02 g/kg during idle, declining with thrust; NO x and PM reach 22.75 g/kg and 147.74 mg/kg at takeoff, with particle number concentration bottoming at 2.61 × 1015/kg during climb. Testing method differences cause a 2.5-fold deviation in key pollutant emission factors, reflecting exhaust's secondary atmospheric transformation. Jet A-1 shows lower PN emissions than Jet A; blending sustainable aviation fuel with conventional fuel yields limited primary pollutant improvements. Organic component studies indicate idle phase contributes ∼70% of organic emissions, while high-thrust phases are alkane/alkene-dominated. Gaps exist in takeoff-phase IVOC data, full SAF emission characteristics, and testing standardization. This study supports improved emission testing, refined inventories, and airport emission reduction policies. • First synthesis of aircraft emission factors integrating 786 data points from 60 engine and plume tests across all LTO phases, establishing the most comprehensive dataset to date. • Quantified impacts of key factors on conventional pollutants: (i) thrust dependence—CO and HC decrease by ∼99% while NO x and PM increase up to 7-fold with increasing power, with PN exhibiting a U-shaped trend; (ii) testing methods—engine tests yield higher CO, while plume sampling captures higher PN due to atmospheric transformation; (iii) fuel effects—Jet A-1 shows lower PN than Jet A, but SAF blends offer limited reduction in primary pollutants. • Idle phase dominates organic emissions with alkanes/alkenes prevailing; IVOC data during takeoff remain critically scarce, highlighting priority research needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:13522310
DOI:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121997