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Investigation Into the Role of Sulfides on Arsenic Release and Immobilization in Anaerobic Groundwater: Insights from Batch Experiments.

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Title: Investigation Into the Role of Sulfides on Arsenic Release and Immobilization in Anaerobic Groundwater: Insights from Batch Experiments.
Authors: Peng, Sanxi1 (AUTHOR), Wu, Ning1 (AUTHOR), Shan, Huimei2,3,4 (AUTHOR) shanhuimei@glut.edu.cn, Liu, Jigang2,3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yunquan2,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Water, Air & Soil Pollution. Jun2026, Vol. 237 Issue 12, p1-24. 24p.
Subject Terms: *Sulfides, *Arsenic sulfide, *Anoxic waters, *Microbial communities, *Biogeochemical cycles, Batch reactors, Iron sulfides, Arsenic removal (Groundwater purification)
Abstract: The biogeochemical cycles of arsenic (As) and sulfur (S) are intricately linked, yet their interactive mechanisms under anaerobic conditions are not fully understood. This study elucidated these mechanisms through 85-day batch experiments, incubating natural sediments with varying As and S contents (including Low As-sed, As(III)-sed, As(V)-sed, As(III)/S(II)-sed, and As(V)/S(II)-sed) in anaerobic groundwater. Results demonstrated that sulfide (S(II)) fundamentally controlled As release and transformation. In As(III)/S(II)-sed and As(V)/S(II)-sed systems, aqueous As, primarily as As(V), surged to about 6400 and 6000 μg/L within 5 days before declining to 1400 and 2300 μg/L. In contrast, the systems with As(III)-sed and As(V)-sed, aqueous As mainly existed as As(III) and increased gradually to about 4900 and 4500 μg/L before 40 days, respectively, and then decreased to about 3200 and 3000 μg/L, respectively. The initial, rapid mobilization was driven by S(II)-promoted ferric iron (Fe(III)) reduction and competitive adsorption, while subsequent sequestration was attributed to the precipitation of arsenic-sulfide minerals (As2S3, AsS) and iron-sulfide minerals (FeS2, FeS). Microbial community analysis revealed the dominance of anaerobic organisms involved in organic matter decomposition and arsenate reduction, confirming a biological role in As transformation. These findings clarify the dual role of S(II) in controlling the mobility and fixation of As within sulfur-iron-arsenic-rich aquifers, providing a theoretical foundation for managing As contamination in such groundwater systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:The biogeochemical cycles of arsenic (As) and sulfur (S) are intricately linked, yet their interactive mechanisms under anaerobic conditions are not fully understood. This study elucidated these mechanisms through 85-day batch experiments, incubating natural sediments with varying As and S contents (including Low As-sed, As(III)-sed, As(V)-sed, As(III)/S(II)-sed, and As(V)/S(II)-sed) in anaerobic groundwater. Results demonstrated that sulfide (S(II)) fundamentally controlled As release and transformation. In As(III)/S(II)-sed and As(V)/S(II)-sed systems, aqueous As, primarily as As(V), surged to about 6400 and 6000 μg/L within 5 days before declining to 1400 and 2300 μg/L. In contrast, the systems with As(III)-sed and As(V)-sed, aqueous As mainly existed as As(III) and increased gradually to about 4900 and 4500 μg/L before 40 days, respectively, and then decreased to about 3200 and 3000 μg/L, respectively. The initial, rapid mobilization was driven by S(II)-promoted ferric iron (Fe(III)) reduction and competitive adsorption, while subsequent sequestration was attributed to the precipitation of arsenic-sulfide minerals (As2S3, AsS) and iron-sulfide minerals (FeS2, FeS). Microbial community analysis revealed the dominance of anaerobic organisms involved in organic matter decomposition and arsenate reduction, confirming a biological role in As transformation. These findings clarify the dual role of S(II) in controlling the mobility and fixation of As within sulfur-iron-arsenic-rich aquifers, providing a theoretical foundation for managing As contamination in such groundwater systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00496979
DOI:10.1007/s11270-026-09387-3