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Phosphorus source-sink distributions and fluxes in shallow-water wetland sediments: Insights from multiple habitats, varying water quality, and microbial communities.

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Title: Phosphorus source-sink distributions and fluxes in shallow-water wetland sediments: Insights from multiple habitats, varying water quality, and microbial communities.
Authors: Zhang, Yuwei1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Shengqi1,3 (AUTHOR), Han, Yangyang1 (AUTHOR), Guo, Cheng1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Ling1,2 (AUTHOR) liuling@hbu.edu.cn, Wang, Hongjie1,2 (AUTHOR) wanghj@hbu.edu.cn
Source: Journal of Environmental Sciences (Elsevier). Jun2026, Vol. 164, p752-767. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Phosphorus compounds, *Microbial communities, *Habitat modification, *Water quality, *Nutrient cycles, Marine sediment pollution, Wetland soils
Abstract: • Speciation and distribution of P in sediment can be influenced by both TN and OM. • The sediment phosphorus sorption release characteristics differ between the habitats. • Ditches, ponds, and reed marshes were potential sources of P release under raw water conditions. • Ditch habitats exhibit higher microbial community complexity and stability, promoting nutrient release. Fluctuation in overlying water quality across multiple habitats and the reservoir conditions of different sediment pollutants significantly influence the "source-sink" effect of endogenous nutrients in shallow-water wetlands. This study investigated the sediment nutrient composition in four habitats (i.e. open-water area, ditch, pond, and reed marsh) within Baiyangdian wetland (BYDW), combined with the simulated release experiment to estimate the nutrient exchange flux under the different overlying water qualities. The findings indicate that the nutrient contents of ditch sediments were significantly higher than those in the other habitats. The ditch overlying water exhibited significantly higher concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 +-N), and the maximum contents were 0.009 mg/L, 0.0443 mg/L, and 0.4057 mg/L, respectively. Sediment horizon depth significantly influenced the composition of different P fractions. While residual phosphorus (Res-P) and calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) comprised a substantial portion of TP, about 60.53 %-79.46 %. Sediments in ditch, pond, and reed marsh areas acted as TP sources under the raw water quality condition, and the releasing rate was 4.68, 1.80, and 0.18 mg/(m2·day). The overlying water quality, sediment pH, organic matter (OM) content, as well as phosphorus speciation significantly influenced the exchange of phosphorus-containing substances. Both Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria significantly contributed to the degradation of sediment nutrients in open-water and reed areas. Ditch exhibited the highest TP release, with the release amount W (TP) varied from 64.15–72.17 t/yr. The ditch and pond areas exhibited relatively strong "source" potential, highlighting the need for effective management of endogenous pollution. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:• Speciation and distribution of P in sediment can be influenced by both TN and OM. • The sediment phosphorus sorption release characteristics differ between the habitats. • Ditches, ponds, and reed marshes were potential sources of P release under raw water conditions. • Ditch habitats exhibit higher microbial community complexity and stability, promoting nutrient release. Fluctuation in overlying water quality across multiple habitats and the reservoir conditions of different sediment pollutants significantly influence the "source-sink" effect of endogenous nutrients in shallow-water wetlands. This study investigated the sediment nutrient composition in four habitats (i.e. open-water area, ditch, pond, and reed marsh) within Baiyangdian wetland (BYDW), combined with the simulated release experiment to estimate the nutrient exchange flux under the different overlying water qualities. The findings indicate that the nutrient contents of ditch sediments were significantly higher than those in the other habitats. The ditch overlying water exhibited significantly higher concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 +-N), and the maximum contents were 0.009 mg/L, 0.0443 mg/L, and 0.4057 mg/L, respectively. Sediment horizon depth significantly influenced the composition of different P fractions. While residual phosphorus (Res-P) and calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) comprised a substantial portion of TP, about 60.53 %-79.46 %. Sediments in ditch, pond, and reed marsh areas acted as TP sources under the raw water quality condition, and the releasing rate was 4.68, 1.80, and 0.18 mg/(m2·day). The overlying water quality, sediment pH, organic matter (OM) content, as well as phosphorus speciation significantly influenced the exchange of phosphorus-containing substances. Both Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria significantly contributed to the degradation of sediment nutrients in open-water and reed areas. Ditch exhibited the highest TP release, with the release amount W (TP) varied from 64.15–72.17 t/yr. The ditch and pond areas exhibited relatively strong "source" potential, highlighting the need for effective management of endogenous pollution. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:10010742
DOI:10.1016/j.jes.2025.09.059