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Air Quality Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment in Urban Environments.

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Title: Air Quality Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment in Urban Environments.
Authors: Ameen, Sabeela1 (AUTHOR), Safir, Anis2 (AUTHOR), Alkhtani, Nasser Abdullah3 (AUTHOR), Ullah, Waheed4 (AUTHOR), Subhanullah, Muhammad5 (AUTHOR), Ali, Syeda Maria6 (AUTHOR), Acioly, Thiago Machado da Silva7 (AUTHOR), Ilyas, Muhammad6 (AUTHOR) sirfilyas@yahoo.com, Asmari, Abdullah Faiz Al3 (AUTHOR), Islam, Saiful3 (AUTHOR)
Source: CLEAN: Soil, Air, Water. Jun2026, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p1-13. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Air pollution, *Environmental health, *Noise pollution, *Air quality, *Urban ecology, *Particulate matter, Risk exposure, Respiratory diseases
Geographic Terms: Faisalabad (Pakistan), Pakistan
Abstract: Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental challenges in industrial cities, threatening public health and ecological balance. This study monitored airborne pollutants, including noise, smoke, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), at multiple sites in Lyallpur Town, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and assessed nonauditory health risks through a survey of 100 residents. Noise levels reached 86 dB in the morning (Site 9) and 90 dB in the evening (Site 16), exceeding WHO limits and aligning with a high prevalence of headaches (77%), hearing problems (75%), and stress (64%). PM2.5 peaked at 27.04 µg/m3 in the evening, while PM10 concentrations (337.64–459.00 µg/m3 at Sites 12 and 14) exceeded permissible standards, correlating with respiratory problems, including infections (57%), asthma (57%), bronchitis (74%), and lung damage (43%). Smoke opacity was highest at Site 2 (36.63%, morning) and Site 14 (15.67%, evening), contributing to eye irritation (74%), sore throat (71%), and allergies (76%). Chronic exposure to these pollutants was linked to cardiovascular disorders (hypertension: 66%; heart disease: 45%), respiratory illnesses, and mental health impacts (depression: 44%; insomnia: 78%). These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted mitigation measures, including stricter emission controls, traffic management, and community awareness programs, to safeguard health and promote sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:Air pollution is one of the most pressing environmental challenges in industrial cities, threatening public health and ecological balance. This study monitored airborne pollutants, including noise, smoke, and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), at multiple sites in Lyallpur Town, Faisalabad, Pakistan, and assessed nonauditory health risks through a survey of 100 residents. Noise levels reached 86 dB in the morning (Site 9) and 90 dB in the evening (Site 16), exceeding WHO limits and aligning with a high prevalence of headaches (77%), hearing problems (75%), and stress (64%). PM2.5 peaked at 27.04 µg/m3 in the evening, while PM10 concentrations (337.64–459.00 µg/m3 at Sites 12 and 14) exceeded permissible standards, correlating with respiratory problems, including infections (57%), asthma (57%), bronchitis (74%), and lung damage (43%). Smoke opacity was highest at Site 2 (36.63%, morning) and Site 14 (15.67%, evening), contributing to eye irritation (74%), sore throat (71%), and allergies (76%). Chronic exposure to these pollutants was linked to cardiovascular disorders (hypertension: 66%; heart disease: 45%), respiratory illnesses, and mental health impacts (depression: 44%; insomnia: 78%). These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted mitigation measures, including stricter emission controls, traffic management, and community awareness programs, to safeguard health and promote sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:18630650
DOI:10.1002/clen.70226