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Ecology of Speciation in the Genus Bacillus.

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Title: Ecology of Speciation in the Genus Bacillus.
Authors: Connor, Nora1, Sikorski, Johannes2, Rooney, Alejandro P.3, Kopac, Sarah1, Koeppel, Alexander F.1, Burger, Andrew1, Cole, Scott G.1, Perry, Elizabeth B.1, Krizanc, Danny4, Field, Nicholas C.1, Slaton, Michële5, Cohan, Frederick M.1 fcohan@wesleyan.edu
Source: Applied & Environmental Microbiology. Mar2010, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p1349-1358. 10p. 3 Charts, 4 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *Species, *Bacteriology, *Microbiology, *Soil texture, *Fatty acids, Bacillus (Bacteria), Nucleotide sequence, Simulation methods & models
Abstract: Microbial ecologists and systematists are challenged to discover the early ecological changes that drive the splitting of one bacterial population into two ecologically distinct populations. We have aimed to identify newly divergent lineages ("ecotypes") bearing the dynamic properties attributed to species, with the rationale that discovering their ecological differences would reveal the ecological dimensions of speciation. To this end, we have sampled bacteria from the Bacillus subtilis-Bacillus licheniformis dade from sites differing in solar exposure and soil texture within a Death Valley canyon. Within this dade, we hypothesized ecotype demarcations based on DNA sequence diversity, through analysis of the dade's evolutionary history by Ecotype Simulation (ES) and AdaptML. Ecotypes so demarcated were found to be significantly different in their associations with solar exposure and soil texture, suggesting that these and covarying environmental parameters are among the dimensions of ecological divergence for newly divergent Bacillus ecotypes. Fatty acid composition appeared to contribute to ecotype differences in temperature adaptation, since those ecotypes with more warm-adapting fatty acids were isolated more frequently from sites with greater solar exposure. The recognized species and subspecies of the B. subtilis-B. licheniformis dade were found to be nearly identical to the ecotypes demarcated by ES, with a few exceptions where a recognized taxon is split at most into three putative ecotypes. Nevertheless, the taxa recognized do not appear to encompass the full ecological diversity of the B. subtilis-B. licheniformis dade: ES and AdaptML identified several newly discovered clades as ecotypes that are distinct from any recognized taxon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Ecology of Speciation in the Genus Bacillus.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Connor%2C+Nora%22">Connor, Nora</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sikorski%2C+Johannes%22">Sikorski, Johannes</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rooney%2C+Alejandro+P%2E%22">Rooney, Alejandro P.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kopac%2C+Sarah%22">Kopac, Sarah</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Koeppel%2C+Alexander+F%2E%22">Koeppel, Alexander F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burger%2C+Andrew%22">Burger, Andrew</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cole%2C+Scott+G%2E%22">Cole, Scott G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perry%2C+Elizabeth+B%2E%22">Perry, Elizabeth B.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krizanc%2C+Danny%22">Krizanc, Danny</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Field%2C+Nicholas+C%2E%22">Field, Nicholas C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Slaton%2C+Michële%22">Slaton, Michële</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cohan%2C+Frederick+M%2E%22">Cohan, Frederick M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> fcohan@wesleyan.edu</i>
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  Data: Applied & Environmental Microbiology. Mar2010, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p1349-1358. 10p. 3 Charts, 4 Graphs.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Species%22">Species</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bacteriology%22">Bacteriology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbiology%22">Microbiology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+texture%22">Soil texture</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fatty+acids%22">Fatty acids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bacillus+%28Bacteria%29%22">Bacillus (Bacteria)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nucleotide+sequence%22">Nucleotide sequence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation+methods+%26+models%22">Simulation methods & models</searchLink>
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  Data: Microbial ecologists and systematists are challenged to discover the early ecological changes that drive the splitting of one bacterial population into two ecologically distinct populations. We have aimed to identify newly divergent lineages ("ecotypes") bearing the dynamic properties attributed to species, with the rationale that discovering their ecological differences would reveal the ecological dimensions of speciation. To this end, we have sampled bacteria from the Bacillus subtilis-Bacillus licheniformis dade from sites differing in solar exposure and soil texture within a Death Valley canyon. Within this dade, we hypothesized ecotype demarcations based on DNA sequence diversity, through analysis of the dade's evolutionary history by Ecotype Simulation (ES) and AdaptML. Ecotypes so demarcated were found to be significantly different in their associations with solar exposure and soil texture, suggesting that these and covarying environmental parameters are among the dimensions of ecological divergence for newly divergent Bacillus ecotypes. Fatty acid composition appeared to contribute to ecotype differences in temperature adaptation, since those ecotypes with more warm-adapting fatty acids were isolated more frequently from sites with greater solar exposure. The recognized species and subspecies of the B. subtilis-B. licheniformis dade were found to be nearly identical to the ecotypes demarcated by ES, with a few exceptions where a recognized taxon is split at most into three putative ecotypes. Nevertheless, the taxa recognized do not appear to encompass the full ecological diversity of the B. subtilis-B. licheniformis dade: ES and AdaptML identified several newly discovered clades as ecotypes that are distinct from any recognized taxon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1128/AEM.01988-09
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1349
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      – SubjectFull: Species
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteriology
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      – SubjectFull: Microbiology
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      – SubjectFull: Soil texture
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      – SubjectFull: Nucleotide sequence
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              Text: Mar2010
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