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Effects of supplemental UV-B radiation on the growth and yield of two cultivars of Japanese lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the field in a cool rice-growing region of Japan

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Effects of supplemental UV-B radiation on the growth and yield of two cultivars of Japanese lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under the field in a cool rice-growing region of Japan
Authors: Kang, Hye-Sook, Hidema, Jun, Kumagai, Tadashi, Sato, Tadashi
Source: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. Jan2001, Vol. 83 Issue 1/2, p201. 0p.
Subject Terms: *Ultraviolet radiation, *Agriculture, Plant growth
Geographic Terms: Japan
Abstract: An investigation was made of the variations in growth and grain yield in response to increased exposure to UV-B radiation of Japanese lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a cool rice-growing region. Two cultivars, UV-resistant cv. `Sasanishiki' and UV-sensitive cv. `Norin 1', were examined in a lowland field at Kashimadai (37 deg. 28'E, 141 deg.06'E) in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, for four cropping seasons from 1994 to 1997. The two cultivars were grown in a lowland field with or without supplemental UV-B radiation, which was provided by UV-B-emitting fluorescent lamps, with a 0.1-mm-thick cellulose diacetate film asa filter. In both cultivars, significant decreases in tiller number as the result of supplemental UV-B radiation were observed during thetillering stage in 1994, 1995 and 1997. Furthermore, decreases in grain size from supplemental UV-B radiation were recorded in all seasons. The trend towards small grain size was pronounced in 1996. In thatyear, the mean daily middle temperatures were lower throughout most of the cropping season and the mean daily hours of sunshine during the tillering stage and between the end of the panicle differentiation stage and the beginning of the ripening stage were shorter. In 1993 when the temperature and the amount of sunshine were both lower, the tiller number, the dry mass of aboveground parts and the panicle number were significantly reduced by supplemental unfiltered UV-B radiation. There was a cultivar difference in the inhibitory effects of supplemental UV-B radiation on growth between the sensitive cultivar Norin1 and the resistant cultivar Sasanishiki. These results indicate that supplemental UV-B radiation has a positive effect on the growth andgrain development of rice, which may be enhanced by unusual climaticconditions such as lower temperature and less sunshine, in cool rice-growing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:An investigation was made of the variations in growth and grain yield in response to increased exposure to UV-B radiation of Japanese lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in a cool rice-growing region. Two cultivars, UV-resistant cv. `Sasanishiki' and UV-sensitive cv. `Norin 1', were examined in a lowland field at Kashimadai (37 deg. 28'E, 141 deg.06'E) in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, for four cropping seasons from 1994 to 1997. The two cultivars were grown in a lowland field with or without supplemental UV-B radiation, which was provided by UV-B-emitting fluorescent lamps, with a 0.1-mm-thick cellulose diacetate film asa filter. In both cultivars, significant decreases in tiller number as the result of supplemental UV-B radiation were observed during thetillering stage in 1994, 1995 and 1997. Furthermore, decreases in grain size from supplemental UV-B radiation were recorded in all seasons. The trend towards small grain size was pronounced in 1996. In thatyear, the mean daily middle temperatures were lower throughout most of the cropping season and the mean daily hours of sunshine during the tillering stage and between the end of the panicle differentiation stage and the beginning of the ripening stage were shorter. In 1993 when the temperature and the amount of sunshine were both lower, the tiller number, the dry mass of aboveground parts and the panicle number were significantly reduced by supplemental unfiltered UV-B radiation. There was a cultivar difference in the inhibitory effects of supplemental UV-B radiation on growth between the sensitive cultivar Norin1 and the resistant cultivar Sasanishiki. These results indicate that supplemental UV-B radiation has a positive effect on the growth andgrain development of rice, which may be enhanced by unusual climaticconditions such as lower temperature and less sunshine, in cool rice-growing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:01678809