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A novel species of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes from Lake Yuehu in China.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: A novel species of ellipsoidal multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes from Lake Yuehu in China.
Authors: Chen, Yi‐Ran1,2, Zhang, Rui1,2, Du, Hai‐Jian1,2, Pan, Hong‐Miao1,3, Zhang, Wen‐Yan1,3, Zhou, Ke4, Li, Jin‐Hua5, Xiao, Tian1,3, Wu, Long‐Fei3,6
Source: Environmental Microbiology. Mar2015, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p637-647. 11p.
Subjects: Magnetotactic bacteria, Prokaryotes, Magnetosomes, Motility of microorganisms, Gene amplification
Geographic Terms: China
Abstract: Two morphotypes of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes ( MMPs) have been identified: spherical (several species) and ellipsoidal (previously one species). Here, we report novel ellipsoidal MMPs that are ∼ 10 × 8 μm in size, and composed of about 86 cells arranged in six to eight interlaced circles. Each MMP was composed of cells that synthesized either bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes alone, or both bullet-shaped magnetite and rectangular greigite magnetosomes. They showed north-seeking magnetotaxis, ping-pong motility and negative phototaxis at a velocity up to 300 μm s−1. During reproduction, they divided along either their long- or short-body axes. For genetic analysis, we sorted the ellipsoidal MMPs with micromanipulation and amplified their genomes using multiple displacement amplification. We sequenced the 16 S r RNA gene and found 6.9% sequence divergence from that of ellipsoidal MMPs, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis and > 8.3% divergence from those of spherical MMPs. Therefore, the novel MMPs belong to different species and genus compared with the currently known ellipsoidal and spherical MMPs respectively. The novel MMPs display a morphological cell differentiation, implying a potential division of labour. These findings provide new insights into the diversity of MMPs in general, and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of multicellularity among prokaryotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Two morphotypes of multicellular magnetotactic prokaryotes ( MMPs) have been identified: spherical (several species) and ellipsoidal (previously one species). Here, we report novel ellipsoidal MMPs that are ∼ 10 × 8 μm in size, and composed of about 86 cells arranged in six to eight interlaced circles. Each MMP was composed of cells that synthesized either bullet-shaped magnetite magnetosomes alone, or both bullet-shaped magnetite and rectangular greigite magnetosomes. They showed north-seeking magnetotaxis, ping-pong motility and negative phototaxis at a velocity up to 300 μm s−1. During reproduction, they divided along either their long- or short-body axes. For genetic analysis, we sorted the ellipsoidal MMPs with micromanipulation and amplified their genomes using multiple displacement amplification. We sequenced the 16 S r RNA gene and found 6.9% sequence divergence from that of ellipsoidal MMPs, Candidatus Magnetananas tsingtaoensis and > 8.3% divergence from those of spherical MMPs. Therefore, the novel MMPs belong to different species and genus compared with the currently known ellipsoidal and spherical MMPs respectively. The novel MMPs display a morphological cell differentiation, implying a potential division of labour. These findings provide new insights into the diversity of MMPs in general, and contribute to our understanding of the evolution of multicellularity among prokaryotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:14622912
DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.12480