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The efficiency of scrap Cu and Al current collector materials as reductants in LIB waste leaching.

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Title: The efficiency of scrap Cu and Al current collector materials as reductants in LIB waste leaching.
Authors: Chernyaev, Alexander1 (AUTHOR), Partinen, Jere1 (AUTHOR), Klemettinen, Lassi1 (AUTHOR), Wilson, Benjamin P.1 (AUTHOR), Jokilaakso, Ari1 (AUTHOR), Lundström, Mari1 (AUTHOR) mari.lundstrom@aalto.fi
Source: Hydrometallurgy. Aug2021, Vol. 203, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Leaching, Reducing agents, Cobalt, Industrial wastes, Factories, Carbon dioxide
Abstract: This current study addresses the role of copper and aluminum - typical major components of current collector scrap from battery manufacturing plants - in the leaching of pre-treated LiCoO 2 -rich battery waste concentrate at industrially relevant process conditions (T = 60 °C, [H 2 SO 4 ] = 2 M, S/L = 200 g/L). An empirical model has been constructed which demonstrates that the effects of both copper and aluminum are significant. Both elements have independent and linear impacts on cobalt extraction and acid consumption. The model predicts that either 11 g of copper (0.75 Cu/Co, mol/mol), 4.8 g of aluminum (0.7 Al/Co, mol/mol) or a combination of both are required for full cobalt extraction from 100 g of sieved industrial battery waste concentrate. Aluminum was shown to influence cobalt leaching although it was less effective (47%) when compared to copper (66%) in terms of current efficiency due to associated side reactions, such as excess H 2 formation. Aluminum has several possible reaction routes for LiCoO 2 reduction; in parallel or in series via H 2 formation, Cu2+ cementation and/or Fe3+ reduction, whereas copper acts solely through Fe3+ reduction. These results indicate that by using copper scrap, in preference to the more typical hydrogen peroxide, the CO 2 footprint of the battery leaching stage could be decreased by at least 500 kg of CO 2 per ton of recycled cobalt. In contrast, the use of aluminum, although promising, is less attractive due to the challenges related to its removal during subsequent solution purification. • Industrial processed cobalt-rich waste battery concentrate was leached in acid. • Aluminum and copper scrap current collector foils were used as reductants. • Effects of reductants on leaching efficiency were assessed by regression modeling. • Both copper and aluminum enhanced the dissolution of cobalt, nickel and manganese. • The interaction between copper and aluminum was found to be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:This current study addresses the role of copper and aluminum - typical major components of current collector scrap from battery manufacturing plants - in the leaching of pre-treated LiCoO 2 -rich battery waste concentrate at industrially relevant process conditions (T = 60 °C, [H 2 SO 4 ] = 2 M, S/L = 200 g/L). An empirical model has been constructed which demonstrates that the effects of both copper and aluminum are significant. Both elements have independent and linear impacts on cobalt extraction and acid consumption. The model predicts that either 11 g of copper (0.75 Cu/Co, mol/mol), 4.8 g of aluminum (0.7 Al/Co, mol/mol) or a combination of both are required for full cobalt extraction from 100 g of sieved industrial battery waste concentrate. Aluminum was shown to influence cobalt leaching although it was less effective (47%) when compared to copper (66%) in terms of current efficiency due to associated side reactions, such as excess H 2 formation. Aluminum has several possible reaction routes for LiCoO 2 reduction; in parallel or in series via H 2 formation, Cu2+ cementation and/or Fe3+ reduction, whereas copper acts solely through Fe3+ reduction. These results indicate that by using copper scrap, in preference to the more typical hydrogen peroxide, the CO 2 footprint of the battery leaching stage could be decreased by at least 500 kg of CO 2 per ton of recycled cobalt. In contrast, the use of aluminum, although promising, is less attractive due to the challenges related to its removal during subsequent solution purification. • Industrial processed cobalt-rich waste battery concentrate was leached in acid. • Aluminum and copper scrap current collector foils were used as reductants. • Effects of reductants on leaching efficiency were assessed by regression modeling. • Both copper and aluminum enhanced the dissolution of cobalt, nickel and manganese. • The interaction between copper and aluminum was found to be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:0304386X
DOI:10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105608