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Spatio-temporal modelling and related factors analysis of PM2.5 pollution: A case study of Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.

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Title: Spatio-temporal modelling and related factors analysis of PM2.5 pollution: A case study of Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam.
Authors: Bui, Long Ta1,2 (AUTHOR) longbt62@hcmut.edu.vn, Hoang Nguyen, Phong1,2 (AUTHOR), Chau My Nguyen, Duyen1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Physics & Chemistry of the Earth - Parts A/B/C. Oct2023, Vol. 131, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Ho Chí Minh, 1890-1969, Particulate matter, Factor analysis, Air quality standards, Pollution, Emissions (Air pollution), Natural ventilation
Geographic Terms: Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)
Abstract: Outdoor PM 2.5 pollution issues have significantly impacted public health in megalopolis areas of Vietnam, especially in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). In this area, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in recent years have been one of the main reasons for the rise in PM 2.5 -related emission precursors. Thus, clarifying the effects of anthropogenic and natural activities contributing to spatiotemporal PM 2.5 concentration distribution in HCMC is necessary to propose emission reduction solutions and develop a clean air action plan. The inventory datasets of anthropogenic and biological (natural) emissions from the emissions of atmospheric compounds were applied to estimate the outdoor PM 2.5 pollution level in HCMC and clarify the influence of PM 2.5 precursor emissions on pollution contribution. Simultaneously, the study area was divided into five subdivisions (from SG1 to SG5) to analyse the role of the emission contribution in each subdivision. A coupled Weather Research and Forecasting Model/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (WRF/CMAQ) and multiple linear regression models were also used to determine the dependence of PM 2.5 /pollution levels on meteorological conditions and precursor emissions. The modelling outcomes in 2018 reported that the annual mean PM 2.5 concentration across the city ranged between 55.82 and 65.25 μg/m3. These values were 2.3–2.47 times higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), in which the high PM 2.5 pollution mainly occurred in subdivisions SG4, SG3, and a part of subdivision SG5. In addition, six PM 2.5 precursor emissions, including SO 2 , NO x , NMVOCs, BC, OC, and CO, from three sectors of industrial processes, road transportation, and residential areas were found to contribute to PM 2.5 in each subdivision of HCMC. Meanwhile, wind direction (W d) and temperature (T) at 2 m above the surface were the meteorological factors that affected PM 2.5 concentration changes in subdivisions SG1, SG2, and SG4. The study results would support the authorities and policymakers of HCMC to build suitable PM 2.5 control solutions and develop medium- (2020–2025) and long-term (2025–2030) strategies for the clean air action plan in HCMC. • The PM 2.5 pollution assessment framework using WRF-CMAQ models was developed. • Assessment of one-year PM 2.5 pollution in Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC) have done. • The PM 2.5 concentration in dry and wet seasons are 69.594 and 44.58 μg/m3. • The meteorological and precursor factors affecting PM 2.5 pollution were analysed. • The group of industries contributing to PM 2.5 pollution was indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:Outdoor PM 2.5 pollution issues have significantly impacted public health in megalopolis areas of Vietnam, especially in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). In this area, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation in recent years have been one of the main reasons for the rise in PM 2.5 -related emission precursors. Thus, clarifying the effects of anthropogenic and natural activities contributing to spatiotemporal PM 2.5 concentration distribution in HCMC is necessary to propose emission reduction solutions and develop a clean air action plan. The inventory datasets of anthropogenic and biological (natural) emissions from the emissions of atmospheric compounds were applied to estimate the outdoor PM 2.5 pollution level in HCMC and clarify the influence of PM 2.5 precursor emissions on pollution contribution. Simultaneously, the study area was divided into five subdivisions (from SG1 to SG5) to analyse the role of the emission contribution in each subdivision. A coupled Weather Research and Forecasting Model/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (WRF/CMAQ) and multiple linear regression models were also used to determine the dependence of PM 2.5 /pollution levels on meteorological conditions and precursor emissions. The modelling outcomes in 2018 reported that the annual mean PM 2.5 concentration across the city ranged between 55.82 and 65.25 μg/m3. These values were 2.3–2.47 times higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), in which the high PM 2.5 pollution mainly occurred in subdivisions SG4, SG3, and a part of subdivision SG5. In addition, six PM 2.5 precursor emissions, including SO 2 , NO x , NMVOCs, BC, OC, and CO, from three sectors of industrial processes, road transportation, and residential areas were found to contribute to PM 2.5 in each subdivision of HCMC. Meanwhile, wind direction (W d) and temperature (T) at 2 m above the surface were the meteorological factors that affected PM 2.5 concentration changes in subdivisions SG1, SG2, and SG4. The study results would support the authorities and policymakers of HCMC to build suitable PM 2.5 control solutions and develop medium- (2020–2025) and long-term (2025–2030) strategies for the clean air action plan in HCMC. • The PM 2.5 pollution assessment framework using WRF-CMAQ models was developed. • Assessment of one-year PM 2.5 pollution in Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC) have done. • The PM 2.5 concentration in dry and wet seasons are 69.594 and 44.58 μg/m3. • The meteorological and precursor factors affecting PM 2.5 pollution were analysed. • The group of industries contributing to PM 2.5 pollution was indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:14747065
DOI:10.1016/j.pce.2023.103417