Development of a vapor-based method for seeding alkali metals in shock tube facilities.
Saved in:
| Title: | Development of a vapor-based method for seeding alkali metals in shock tube facilities. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Vandervort, J. A.1 (AUTHOR) jvander@stanford.edu, Barnes, S. C.1 (AUTHOR), Strand, C. L.1 (AUTHOR), Hanson, R. K.1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Shock Waves. Feb2024, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p61-67. 7p. |
| Subjects: | Alkali metals, Shock tubes, Metal vapors, Chemical kinetics, Gas flow, Rubidium, Laser peening, Potassium |
| Abstract: | This note presents a vapor-based seeding apparatus, named the external alkali seeding instrument (EASI), which is designed to introduce alkali metal vapors into experimental facilities without using precursors or large auxiliary equipment. The device vaporizes small amounts of alkali metals, potassium in this work, which are then carried away by an inert gas. In a benchtop flow cell, carrier gas flow rate (6– 200 cm 3 / s ) and device temperature (150– 250 ∘ C ) most strongly affected potassium-vapor concentrations. Higher values of either quantity lead to increased potassium-vapor concentrations. When using the EASI to seed a shock tube experiment, vapor-phase potassium was detected immediately after the incident and reflected shockwaves using a laser absorption diagnostic. Mole fraction time histories stay within a factor of 2 over the test time as compared with those from a precursor-based seeding approach, which may span multiple orders of magnitude. This suggests potassium is nearly homogeneously distributed throughout the test gas. This design can be extended to other low-vapor-pressure elements, such as other alkalis or sulfur, with minimal modifications. The EASI simplifies seeding for laboratory experiments targeting potassium and other alkali metals—enabling advances in fundamental spectroscopy, diagnostic development, and chemical kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Shock Waves is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 176804591 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Development of a vapor-based method for seeding alkali metals in shock tube facilities. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vandervort%2C+J%2E+A%2E%22">Vandervort, J. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> jvander@stanford.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barnes%2C+S%2E+C%2E%22">Barnes, S. C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strand%2C+C%2E+L%2E%22">Strand, C. L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hanson%2C+R%2E+K%2E%22">Hanson, R. K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Shock+Waves%22">Shock Waves</searchLink>. Feb2024, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p61-67. 7p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alkali+metals%22">Alkali metals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shock+tubes%22">Shock tubes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+vapors%22">Metal vapors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chemical+kinetics%22">Chemical kinetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gas+flow%22">Gas flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rubidium%22">Rubidium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laser+peening%22">Laser peening</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Potassium%22">Potassium</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This note presents a vapor-based seeding apparatus, named the external alkali seeding instrument (EASI), which is designed to introduce alkali metal vapors into experimental facilities without using precursors or large auxiliary equipment. The device vaporizes small amounts of alkali metals, potassium in this work, which are then carried away by an inert gas. In a benchtop flow cell, carrier gas flow rate (6– 200 cm 3 / s ) and device temperature (150– 250 ∘ C ) most strongly affected potassium-vapor concentrations. Higher values of either quantity lead to increased potassium-vapor concentrations. When using the EASI to seed a shock tube experiment, vapor-phase potassium was detected immediately after the incident and reflected shockwaves using a laser absorption diagnostic. Mole fraction time histories stay within a factor of 2 over the test time as compared with those from a precursor-based seeding approach, which may span multiple orders of magnitude. This suggests potassium is nearly homogeneously distributed throughout the test gas. This design can be extended to other low-vapor-pressure elements, such as other alkalis or sulfur, with minimal modifications. The EASI simplifies seeding for laboratory experiments targeting potassium and other alkali metals—enabling advances in fundamental spectroscopy, diagnostic development, and chemical kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Shock Waves is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=egs&AN=176804591 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00193-024-01165-6 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 7 StartPage: 61 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Alkali metals Type: general – SubjectFull: Shock tubes Type: general – SubjectFull: Metal vapors Type: general – SubjectFull: Chemical kinetics Type: general – SubjectFull: Gas flow Type: general – SubjectFull: Rubidium Type: general – SubjectFull: Laser peening Type: general – SubjectFull: Potassium Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Development of a vapor-based method for seeding alkali metals in shock tube facilities. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Vandervort, J. A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Barnes, S. C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Strand, C. L. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hanson, R. K. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 02 Text: Feb2024 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09381287 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 34 – Type: issue Value: 1 Titles: – TitleFull: Shock Waves Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
