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Photobiomodulation and aquatic training reduce TNF-α expression and enhance muscle fiber area in Wistar rats with compensatory hypertrophy.

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Title: Photobiomodulation and aquatic training reduce TNF-α expression and enhance muscle fiber area in Wistar rats with compensatory hypertrophy.
Authors: Gregio, Valéria Araújo1 (AUTHOR), Martinelli, Andreia1 (AUTHOR), Malavazzi, Tainá Caroline dos Santos2 (AUTHOR), Andreo, Lucas2 (AUTHOR), Terena, Stella Maris Lins2 (AUTHOR), Bussadori, Sandra Kalil1,2 (AUTHOR), Marcos, Rodrigo Labat2 (AUTHOR), Horliana, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini2 (AUTHOR), Fernandes, Kristianne Porta Santos2 (AUTHOR), Mesquita-Ferrari, Raquel Agnelli1,2 (AUTHOR) raquel.mesquita@gmail.com
Source: Lasers in Medical Science. 1/28/2025, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p1-11. 11p.
Subjects: Photobiomodulation therapy, Hydrotherapy, Aquatic exercises, Laboratory rats, Body weight
Abstract: This study aims to assess the effects of aquatic training (AT) and its combination with photobiomodulation (PBM) on cytokine synthesis and plantar muscle morphology during compensatory hypertrophy (H) in Wistar rats. H was induced by bilateral ablation of synergistic muscles, and PBM using a laser (780 nm). AT involved 60 min sessions, 5 times/week, for 7 and 14 days. Muscle weight relative to body weight did not differ significantly between groups. TNF-α synthesis levels decreased in the H + AT + PBM group at 7 days compared to H Control. IL-6 and IL-1β levels showed no significant changes. Cross-sectional area (CSA) was higher in H + AT + PBM at 7 days and 14 days compared to H + AT and H Control. Fiber diameter increased in H + AT and H + AT + PBM compared to H at 14 days. AT with PBM decreased TNF-α expression, increased CSA and fiber diameter, whereas AT alone increased fiber diameter. In conclusion, the combination of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy and aquatic training (AT) effectively reduced TNF-α levels while increasing muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA). Furthermore, AT alone demonstrated the capacity to maintain fiber diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Photobiomodulation and aquatic training reduce TNF-α expression and enhance muscle fiber area in Wistar rats with compensatory hypertrophy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Lasers+in+Medical+Science%22">Lasers in Medical Science</searchLink>. 1/28/2025, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p1-11. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photobiomodulation+therapy%22">Photobiomodulation therapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrotherapy%22">Hydrotherapy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Aquatic+exercises%22">Aquatic exercises</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Laboratory+rats%22">Laboratory rats</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+weight%22">Body weight</searchLink>
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  Data: This study aims to assess the effects of aquatic training (AT) and its combination with photobiomodulation (PBM) on cytokine synthesis and plantar muscle morphology during compensatory hypertrophy (H) in Wistar rats. H was induced by bilateral ablation of synergistic muscles, and PBM using a laser (780 nm). AT involved 60 min sessions, 5 times/week, for 7 and 14 days. Muscle weight relative to body weight did not differ significantly between groups. TNF-α synthesis levels decreased in the H + AT + PBM group at 7 days compared to H Control. IL-6 and IL-1β levels showed no significant changes. Cross-sectional area (CSA) was higher in H + AT + PBM at 7 days and 14 days compared to H + AT and H Control. Fiber diameter increased in H + AT and H + AT + PBM compared to H at 14 days. AT with PBM decreased TNF-α expression, increased CSA and fiber diameter, whereas AT alone increased fiber diameter. In conclusion, the combination of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy and aquatic training (AT) effectively reduced TNF-α levels while increasing muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA). Furthermore, AT alone demonstrated the capacity to maintain fiber diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Lasers in Medical Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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