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Modulated quasi-static tensile testing for advanced characterization of elastomer mechanics.

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Title: Modulated quasi-static tensile testing for advanced characterization of elastomer mechanics.
Authors: Hussein, Mahmoud1 (AUTHOR) Mahmoud.hussein@uha.fr, Mathieu, Daniel1 (AUTHOR), L'hostis, Gildas1 (AUTHOR), Durand, Bernard1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Polymer Testing. Jun2025, Vol. 147, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Poisson's ratio, Elastic modulus, Digital image correlation, Dynamic mechanical analysis, Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
Abstract: Polymers exhibit complex mechanical behavior. Rubber or similar materials are known to display both viscoelasticity and nonlinear elasticity. However, quasi-static mechanical tests alone are insufficient for capturing the viscous component of their response. While Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) provides valuable insights, it is inadequate to characterize the material's behavior under large deformations fully. A hybrid approach combining a quasi-static tensile test with modulation is proposed to address these limitations. During these tests, deformation fields obtained via Digital Image Correlation (DIC) can be complemented by infrared thermography. The experimental setup is based on a modified DY22 universal testing machine. Tests were performed on a rubber band designed for sports applications. The mechanical results, including the load-elongation relationship and field measurements, reveal distinct differences between the quasi-static and modulated components. These differences are particularly evident in the evolution of the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio as a function of elongation. The measurements provide detailed insights into the material's mechanical response at each loading stage. The results demonstrate that integrating modulated testing techniques with thermomechanical analysis allows for a more comprehensive characterization of materials for engineering applications. 1. Novel Hybrid Testing Approach • This study introduces a modulated quasi-static tensile testing method that combines oscillatory loading, digital image correlation (DIC), and infrared thermography. • Unlike traditional mechanical tests, this method allows for in-situ monitoring of mechanical responses with high precision. 2. Overcoming Limitations of Conventional DMA • While Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is widely used for viscoelastic characterization, it is constrained to small deformations and frequency-dependent behavior. • The proposed technique enables large strain analysis, capturing both elastic and viscoelastic behavior over an extended range of deformations. 3. Advanced Mechanical Analysis and Data Interpretation The study provides a detailed examination of. • Elastic modulus evolution as a function of strain. • Poisson's ratio variation using DIC. • Energy dissipation mechanisms, identifying contributions from internal friction and thermal effects. • The methodology enables differentiation between quasi-static and dynamic mechanical responses, offering a more holistic material characterization. 4. Multi-Scale Data Correlation for Thermomechanical Behavior Simultaneous use of optical imaging and thermal analysis provides a unique perspective on. • Strain field distributions at high resolution using DIC. • Temperature variations that reveal thermomechanical coupling effects. • The approach is particularly useful for understanding hysteresis and fatigue behavior in elastomers. 5. Improved Material Characterization beyond Standard Tests Unlike classical tensile or DMA tests, the method effectively captures. • Reversible vs. irreversible deformation mechanisms. • Load-history-dependent mechanical responses. • Localized stress-strain phenomena that influence polymer performance. The study establishes a more quantitative framework for viscoelastic material characterization, applicable to soft materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:Polymers exhibit complex mechanical behavior. Rubber or similar materials are known to display both viscoelasticity and nonlinear elasticity. However, quasi-static mechanical tests alone are insufficient for capturing the viscous component of their response. While Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) provides valuable insights, it is inadequate to characterize the material's behavior under large deformations fully. A hybrid approach combining a quasi-static tensile test with modulation is proposed to address these limitations. During these tests, deformation fields obtained via Digital Image Correlation (DIC) can be complemented by infrared thermography. The experimental setup is based on a modified DY22 universal testing machine. Tests were performed on a rubber band designed for sports applications. The mechanical results, including the load-elongation relationship and field measurements, reveal distinct differences between the quasi-static and modulated components. These differences are particularly evident in the evolution of the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio as a function of elongation. The measurements provide detailed insights into the material's mechanical response at each loading stage. The results demonstrate that integrating modulated testing techniques with thermomechanical analysis allows for a more comprehensive characterization of materials for engineering applications. 1. Novel Hybrid Testing Approach • This study introduces a modulated quasi-static tensile testing method that combines oscillatory loading, digital image correlation (DIC), and infrared thermography. • Unlike traditional mechanical tests, this method allows for in-situ monitoring of mechanical responses with high precision. 2. Overcoming Limitations of Conventional DMA • While Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is widely used for viscoelastic characterization, it is constrained to small deformations and frequency-dependent behavior. • The proposed technique enables large strain analysis, capturing both elastic and viscoelastic behavior over an extended range of deformations. 3. Advanced Mechanical Analysis and Data Interpretation The study provides a detailed examination of. • Elastic modulus evolution as a function of strain. • Poisson's ratio variation using DIC. • Energy dissipation mechanisms, identifying contributions from internal friction and thermal effects. • The methodology enables differentiation between quasi-static and dynamic mechanical responses, offering a more holistic material characterization. 4. Multi-Scale Data Correlation for Thermomechanical Behavior Simultaneous use of optical imaging and thermal analysis provides a unique perspective on. • Strain field distributions at high resolution using DIC. • Temperature variations that reveal thermomechanical coupling effects. • The approach is particularly useful for understanding hysteresis and fatigue behavior in elastomers. 5. Improved Material Characterization beyond Standard Tests Unlike classical tensile or DMA tests, the method effectively captures. • Reversible vs. irreversible deformation mechanisms. • Load-history-dependent mechanical responses. • Localized stress-strain phenomena that influence polymer performance. The study establishes a more quantitative framework for viscoelastic material characterization, applicable to soft materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:01429418
DOI:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108825