Electron transport layer materials of perovskite solar cells.
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| Title: | Electron transport layer materials of perovskite solar cells. |
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| Authors: | Jia, Gaojun1 (AUTHOR), Fang, Yi1 (AUTHOR), Song, Xiaoli1 (AUTHOR), Xie, Mingsi1 (AUTHOR), Liao, Ruijuan1 (AUTHOR), Geng, Ting2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Chunxiu1 (AUTHOR) zhangchunxiu@bigc.edu.cn, Zhang, Ao2 (AUTHOR) zhangao@bigc.edu.cn, Yu, Haifeng3 (AUTHOR) yuhaifeng@pku.edu.cn |
| Source: | Journal of Materials Science. May2025, Vol. 60 Issue 18, p7466-7491. 26p. |
| Subjects: | Electron mobility, Electron transport, Solar cells, Optical losses, Density functional theory |
| Abstract: | Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have surpassed 26% power conversion efficiency (PCE), yet their commercialization is hindered by challenges in the design and optimization of the electron transport layer (ETL). This review elucidates cutting-edge advancements in electron transport layer materials (ETMs) and their fundamental mechanisms. Atomic defect engineering in metal oxides (e.g., F-doped SnO₂) achieves a record electron mobility 320 cm2 V−1 s−1, whereas 2D nanolayers (e.g., MXenes, BP) empower flexible photovoltaics to reach a PCE of 24.7% with 95% operational stability across 5000 bending cycles. Tandem perovskite-silicon architectures have reached a certified 34.6% efficiency, benefiting from optimized ETL band alignment and reduced optical losses. A novel "dynamic band alignment" theory, experimentally validated through situ characterization and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, reveals real-time Fermi-level shifts at the ETL/perovskite interface, suppressing 90% of nonradiative recombination and reducing voltage loss to 0.35 V. Beyond efficiency, this review explores interface physics such as ion polarization in heterojunctions and highlights sustainable strategies such as bio-derived carbon ETL. This work establishes a roadmap for the commercialization of stable and efficient PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have surpassed 26% power conversion efficiency (PCE), yet their commercialization is hindered by challenges in the design and optimization of the electron transport layer (ETL). This review elucidates cutting-edge advancements in electron transport layer materials (ETMs) and their fundamental mechanisms. Atomic defect engineering in metal oxides (e.g., F-doped SnO₂) achieves a record electron mobility 320 cm2 V−1 s−1, whereas 2D nanolayers (e.g., MXenes, BP) empower flexible photovoltaics to reach a PCE of 24.7% with 95% operational stability across 5000 bending cycles. Tandem perovskite-silicon architectures have reached a certified 34.6% efficiency, benefiting from optimized ETL band alignment and reduced optical losses. A novel "dynamic band alignment" theory, experimentally validated through situ characterization and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, reveals real-time Fermi-level shifts at the ETL/perovskite interface, suppressing 90% of nonradiative recombination and reducing voltage loss to 0.35 V. Beyond efficiency, this review explores interface physics such as ion polarization in heterojunctions and highlights sustainable strategies such as bio-derived carbon ETL. This work establishes a roadmap for the commercialization of stable and efficient PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 00222461 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10853-025-10883-w |
