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Electron transport layer materials of perovskite solar cells.

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Title: Electron transport layer materials of perovskite solar cells.
Authors: Jia, Gaojun1 (AUTHOR), Fang, Yi1 (AUTHOR), Song, Xiaoli1 (AUTHOR), Xie, Mingsi1 (AUTHOR), Liao, Ruijuan1 (AUTHOR), Geng, Ting2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Chunxiu1 (AUTHOR) zhangchunxiu@bigc.edu.cn, Zhang, Ao2 (AUTHOR) zhangao@bigc.edu.cn, Yu, Haifeng3 (AUTHOR) yuhaifeng@pku.edu.cn
Source: Journal of Materials Science. May2025, Vol. 60 Issue 18, p7466-7491. 26p.
Subjects: Electron mobility, Electron transport, Solar cells, Optical losses, Density functional theory
Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have surpassed 26% power conversion efficiency (PCE), yet their commercialization is hindered by challenges in the design and optimization of the electron transport layer (ETL). This review elucidates cutting-edge advancements in electron transport layer materials (ETMs) and their fundamental mechanisms. Atomic defect engineering in metal oxides (e.g., F-doped SnO₂) achieves a record electron mobility 320 cm2 V−1 s−1, whereas 2D nanolayers (e.g., MXenes, BP) empower flexible photovoltaics to reach a PCE of 24.7% with 95% operational stability across 5000 bending cycles. Tandem perovskite-silicon architectures have reached a certified 34.6% efficiency, benefiting from optimized ETL band alignment and reduced optical losses. A novel "dynamic band alignment" theory, experimentally validated through situ characterization and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, reveals real-time Fermi-level shifts at the ETL/perovskite interface, suppressing 90% of nonradiative recombination and reducing voltage loss to 0.35 V. Beyond efficiency, this review explores interface physics such as ion polarization in heterojunctions and highlights sustainable strategies such as bio-derived carbon ETL. This work establishes a roadmap for the commercialization of stable and efficient PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 185240916
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PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Electron transport layer materials of perovskite solar cells.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jia%2C+Gaojun%22">Jia, Gaojun</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fang%2C+Yi%22">Fang, Yi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Song%2C+Xiaoli%22">Song, Xiaoli</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xie%2C+Mingsi%22">Xie, Mingsi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liao%2C+Ruijuan%22">Liao, Ruijuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Geng%2C+Ting%22">Geng, Ting</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Chunxiu%22">Zhang, Chunxiu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhangchunxiu@bigc.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Ao%22">Zhang, Ao</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> zhangao@bigc.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Haifeng%22">Yu, Haifeng</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> yuhaifeng@pku.edu.cn</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Materials+Science%22">Journal of Materials Science</searchLink>. May2025, Vol. 60 Issue 18, p7466-7491. 26p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+mobility%22">Electron mobility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electron+transport%22">Electron transport</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+cells%22">Solar cells</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+losses%22">Optical losses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Density+functional+theory%22">Density functional theory</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have surpassed 26% power conversion efficiency (PCE), yet their commercialization is hindered by challenges in the design and optimization of the electron transport layer (ETL). This review elucidates cutting-edge advancements in electron transport layer materials (ETMs) and their fundamental mechanisms. Atomic defect engineering in metal oxides (e.g., F-doped SnO₂) achieves a record electron mobility 320 cm2 V−1 s−1, whereas 2D nanolayers (e.g., MXenes, BP) empower flexible photovoltaics to reach a PCE of 24.7% with 95% operational stability across 5000 bending cycles. Tandem perovskite-silicon architectures have reached a certified 34.6% efficiency, benefiting from optimized ETL band alignment and reduced optical losses. A novel "dynamic band alignment" theory, experimentally validated through situ characterization and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, reveals real-time Fermi-level shifts at the ETL/perovskite interface, suppressing 90% of nonradiative recombination and reducing voltage loss to 0.35 V. Beyond efficiency, this review explores interface physics such as ion polarization in heterojunctions and highlights sustainable strategies such as bio-derived carbon ETL. This work establishes a roadmap for the commercialization of stable and efficient PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1007/s10853-025-10883-w
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 7466
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Electron mobility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electron transport
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical losses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Density functional theory
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Electron transport layer materials of perovskite solar cells.
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            NameFull: Jia, Gaojun
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            NameFull: Fang, Yi
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            NameFull: Song, Xiaoli
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            NameFull: Xie, Mingsi
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            – D: 08
              M: 05
              Text: May2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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