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Beyond isocyanates: Advances in non-isocyanate polyurethane chemistry and applications.

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Title: Beyond isocyanates: Advances in non-isocyanate polyurethane chemistry and applications.
Authors: Chaudhary, Mayankkumar L.1 (AUTHOR) mayank.chaudhary1807@gmail.com, Patel, Rutu1 (AUTHOR), Gupta, Ram K.1,2 (AUTHOR) ramguptamsu@gmail.com
Source: Polymer. Jul2025, Vol. 332, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Sustainable chemistry, Industrial chemistry, Biomedical materials, Environmental risk, Polyurethanes
Abstract: The continuous quest for green and sustainable polymeric materials has become a topic of interest. In this context, non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) have emerged as a sustainable and safer alternative to conventional polyurethanes (PUs), which traditionally rely on toxic isocyanates and petroleum-derived resources. Driven by increasing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures, NIPUs offer eco-friendly synthesis routes using cyclic carbonates and amines, enabling the incorporation of renewable feedstocks and eliminating hazardous reagents such as phosgene. This review first discusses the pivotal role of isocyanates in traditional PU chemistry, including their synthesis, reactivity, and associated health and environmental risks. It then explores the various classes of NIPUs, including linear, hybrid, renewable-resource-based, and chemically modified systems, with emphasis on their synthesis strategies, structural characteristics, and performance metrics. Particular attention is given to recent advancements in NIPU applications, ranging from adhesives, coatings, and foams to biomedical materials, highlighting their potential to match or surpass conventional PUs in targeted functionalities. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities are addressed to guide the development of next-generation NIPUs aligned with green chemistry principles and industrial applicability. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:The continuous quest for green and sustainable polymeric materials has become a topic of interest. In this context, non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) have emerged as a sustainable and safer alternative to conventional polyurethanes (PUs), which traditionally rely on toxic isocyanates and petroleum-derived resources. Driven by increasing environmental concerns and regulatory pressures, NIPUs offer eco-friendly synthesis routes using cyclic carbonates and amines, enabling the incorporation of renewable feedstocks and eliminating hazardous reagents such as phosgene. This review first discusses the pivotal role of isocyanates in traditional PU chemistry, including their synthesis, reactivity, and associated health and environmental risks. It then explores the various classes of NIPUs, including linear, hybrid, renewable-resource-based, and chemically modified systems, with emphasis on their synthesis strategies, structural characteristics, and performance metrics. Particular attention is given to recent advancements in NIPU applications, ranging from adhesives, coatings, and foams to biomedical materials, highlighting their potential to match or surpass conventional PUs in targeted functionalities. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities are addressed to guide the development of next-generation NIPUs aligned with green chemistry principles and industrial applicability. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00323861
DOI:10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128553