Engineering an Electronic Shark Deterrent System Based Acoustic and EM Waves.

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Title:	Engineering an Electronic Shark Deterrent System Based Acoustic and EM Waves.
Authors:	El-Hakim, Hesham A.¹ hesham.fahem@must.edu, Ayad, Abdelrhman E.¹, Mahmoud, Mahmoud Fathy¹, Mohamed, Hesham A.², Moharam, Mohamed Hussien¹
Source:	Progress in Electromagnetics Research C. 2025, Vol. 158, p187-196. 10p.
Subjects:	Electromagnetic waves, Signal generators, Empirical research, Numerical analysis, Sound waves, Printed circuit design, Predatory aquatic animals
Abstract:	Acoustic/Electromagnetic (EM) waves are at the heart of numerous scientific tools and inventive technologies for plentiful state-of-the art applications. This study describes the design and implementation of a portable and effective acoustic and/or electromagnetic shark shield electronic system. In order to support shark deterrent technologies, a double-layer printed circuit board (PCB) circuit that includes a signal generator, pulse width modulation, and power amplifier modules has been designed. The 4-ohm, 3-watts loudspeaker was used in the construction of the acoustic shark shield system as a radiation element, while the EM system uses two electrodes and a wire antenna to produce EM wave radiation. The suggested design has then been subjected to a numerical analysis using the Multisim live demonstration circuit simulator. Lastly, a comparison between the experimental and numerical results was made. According to the findings, maximum peak-to-peak pulse amplitude of nearly 100 V and 55 Hz frequency was attained in a zero-meter distance deterrent system. These values are reduced to 53.2 V at approximately 55 Hz in the case of an EM shark system and with an artificial saltwater tank at 2 m distance, while the obtained peak amplitude for the acoustic shark deterrent system achieved peak-to-peak pulse amplitude value of almost 120 V at 55 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database:	Engineering Source

Description
Abstract:	Acoustic/Electromagnetic (EM) waves are at the heart of numerous scientific tools and inventive technologies for plentiful state-of-the art applications. This study describes the design and implementation of a portable and effective acoustic and/or electromagnetic shark shield electronic system. In order to support shark deterrent technologies, a double-layer printed circuit board (PCB) circuit that includes a signal generator, pulse width modulation, and power amplifier modules has been designed. The 4-ohm, 3-watts loudspeaker was used in the construction of the acoustic shark shield system as a radiation element, while the EM system uses two electrodes and a wire antenna to produce EM wave radiation. The suggested design has then been subjected to a numerical analysis using the Multisim live demonstration circuit simulator. Lastly, a comparison between the experimental and numerical results was made. According to the findings, maximum peak-to-peak pulse amplitude of nearly 100 V and 55 Hz frequency was attained in a zero-meter distance deterrent system. These values are reduced to 53.2 V at approximately 55 Hz in the case of an EM shark system and with an artificial saltwater tank at 2 m distance, while the obtained peak amplitude for the acoustic shark deterrent system achieved peak-to-peak pulse amplitude value of almost 120 V at 55 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	19378718
DOI:	10.2528/PIERC25030101