Engineering an Electronic Shark Deterrent System Based Acoustic and EM Waves.
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| Title: | Engineering an Electronic Shark Deterrent System Based Acoustic and EM Waves. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | El-Hakim, Hesham A.1 hesham.fahem@must.edu, Ayad, Abdelrhman E.1, Mahmoud, Mahmoud Fathy1, Mohamed, Hesham A.2, Moharam, Mohamed Hussien1 |
| Source: | Progress in Electromagnetics Research C. 2025, Vol. 158, p187-196. 10p. |
| Subjects: | Electromagnetic waves, Signal generators, Empirical research, Numerical analysis, Sound waves, Printed circuit design, Predatory aquatic animals |
| Abstract: | Acoustic/Electromagnetic (EM) waves are at the heart of numerous scientific tools and inventive technologies for plentiful state-of-the art applications. This study describes the design and implementation of a portable and effective acoustic and/or electromagnetic shark shield electronic system. In order to support shark deterrent technologies, a double-layer printed circuit board (PCB) circuit that includes a signal generator, pulse width modulation, and power amplifier modules has been designed. The 4-ohm, 3-watts loudspeaker was used in the construction of the acoustic shark shield system as a radiation element, while the EM system uses two electrodes and a wire antenna to produce EM wave radiation. The suggested design has then been subjected to a numerical analysis using the Multisim live demonstration circuit simulator. Lastly, a comparison between the experimental and numerical results was made. According to the findings, maximum peak-to-peak pulse amplitude of nearly 100 V and 55 Hz frequency was attained in a zero-meter distance deterrent system. These values are reduced to 53.2 V at approximately 55 Hz in the case of an EM shark system and with an artificial saltwater tank at 2 m distance, while the obtained peak amplitude for the acoustic shark deterrent system achieved peak-to-peak pulse amplitude value of almost 120 V at 55 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Engineering Source |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: egs DbLabel: Engineering Source An: 187398016 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Engineering an Electronic Shark Deterrent System Based Acoustic and EM Waves. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22El-Hakim%2C+Hesham+A%2E%22">El-Hakim, Hesham A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> hesham.fahem@must.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ayad%2C+Abdelrhman+E%2E%22">Ayad, Abdelrhman E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mahmoud%2C+Mahmoud+Fathy%22">Mahmoud, Mahmoud Fathy</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohamed%2C+Hesham+A%2E%22">Mohamed, Hesham A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moharam%2C+Mohamed+Hussien%22">Moharam, Mohamed Hussien</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Progress+in+Electromagnetics+Research+C%22">Progress in Electromagnetics Research C</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 158, p187-196. 10p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+waves%22">Electromagnetic waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+generators%22">Signal generators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Empirical+research%22">Empirical research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numerical+analysis%22">Numerical analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sound+waves%22">Sound waves</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Printed+circuit+design%22">Printed circuit design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predatory+aquatic+animals%22">Predatory aquatic animals</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Acoustic/Electromagnetic (EM) waves are at the heart of numerous scientific tools and inventive technologies for plentiful state-of-the art applications. This study describes the design and implementation of a portable and effective acoustic and/or electromagnetic shark shield electronic system. In order to support shark deterrent technologies, a double-layer printed circuit board (PCB) circuit that includes a signal generator, pulse width modulation, and power amplifier modules has been designed. The 4-ohm, 3-watts loudspeaker was used in the construction of the acoustic shark shield system as a radiation element, while the EM system uses two electrodes and a wire antenna to produce EM wave radiation. The suggested design has then been subjected to a numerical analysis using the Multisim live demonstration circuit simulator. Lastly, a comparison between the experimental and numerical results was made. According to the findings, maximum peak-to-peak pulse amplitude of nearly 100 V and 55 Hz frequency was attained in a zero-meter distance deterrent system. These values are reduced to 53.2 V at approximately 55 Hz in the case of an EM shark system and with an artificial saltwater tank at 2 m distance, while the obtained peak amplitude for the acoustic shark deterrent system achieved peak-to-peak pulse amplitude value of almost 120 V at 55 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Progress in Electromagnetics Research C is the property of Electromagnetics Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.2528/PIERC25030101 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 10 StartPage: 187 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic waves Type: general – SubjectFull: Signal generators Type: general – SubjectFull: Empirical research Type: general – SubjectFull: Numerical analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Sound waves Type: general – SubjectFull: Printed circuit design Type: general – SubjectFull: Predatory aquatic animals Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Engineering an Electronic Shark Deterrent System Based Acoustic and EM Waves. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: El-Hakim, Hesham A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ayad, Abdelrhman E. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mahmoud, Mahmoud Fathy – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mohamed, Hesham A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Moharam, Mohamed Hussien IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Text: 2025 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 19378718 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 158 Titles: – TitleFull: Progress in Electromagnetics Research C Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
