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Structural, FTIR, and dielectric response of Sm3+ substituted β-type hexagonal ferrites synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route.

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Title: Structural, FTIR, and dielectric response of Sm3+ substituted β-type hexagonal ferrites synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route.
Authors: Asif, Rafia1 (AUTHOR) rafiaasif16@gmail.com, Khan, Muhammad Azhar1 (AUTHOR) azhar.khan@iub.edu.pk, Aslam, Bushra1 (AUTHOR), Gulbadan, Shagufta1 (AUTHOR), Alkhaldi, Noura Dawas2 (AUTHOR), Mashniwi, Mohsenah H.J.3 (AUTHOR), Boukhris, Imed3 (AUTHOR), AL-Anazy, Murefah mana4 (AUTHOR), Ashraf, Ghulam Abbas5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ceramics International. Sep2025:Part A, Vol. 51 Issue 23, p38489-38498. 10p.
Subjects: Samarium, X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, Oxides, Permittivity, Nanoparticles, Sol-gel processes, Nanoparticle size
Abstract: Samarium substituted lithium ferrite nanoparticles LiFe 11-x Sm x O 17 with step sizes (0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) were prepared using a sol-gel auto combustion process and the samples were sintered at 950 °C in a muffle furnace for 4 h. FTIR, Dielectric, XPS, and XRD were used to analyze all samples. This research mainly intended to examine surface morphology, phase purity, to enhanced materials quality. FTIR was used to identify distinct absorption bands related to hexagonal ferrites in the wavelength range 400–600 cm−1. LiFe 11-x Sm x O 17 structural examination was analyzed by XRD technique. XRD results show a single phase of synthesized materials. Unit cell volume and lattice parameters a, c, and ratio c/a were varied by samarium concentration. Lattice parameters "a and c" varied from 5.903 Å - 5.904 Å and 24.407 Å - 24.572 Å was due to the difference in ionic radii of substituent element (Sm3+) and host element (Fe3+). Unit cell volume showed an increasing trend ranged from 736.64 to 741.81 Å3. Crystallite size was calculated using Debye Scherer's formula showed an increasing trend from 37 to 41 nm with the substitution of samarium concentration. The Maxwell-Wagner model explained dielectric parameters in the 1 MHz-6 GHz frequency range. The dielectric parameters such as AC conductivity, dielectric constant, tangent loss, and dielectric loss decrease with the samarium substitution. Cole-Cole plots were used to display the grain boundary contribution of prepared materials. The existence of a single semi-circle in Cole-Cole plots demonstrated the remarkable impact of grain boundaries on the conduction process. Higher Q value made these materials beneficial for higher frequency applications, multilayer-chip inductors, and microwaves with proper cationic substitution. Oxidation states and valence of metal elements within hexa-ferrites were confirmed using XPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:Samarium substituted lithium ferrite nanoparticles LiFe 11-x Sm x O 17 with step sizes (0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) were prepared using a sol-gel auto combustion process and the samples were sintered at 950 °C in a muffle furnace for 4 h. FTIR, Dielectric, XPS, and XRD were used to analyze all samples. This research mainly intended to examine surface morphology, phase purity, to enhanced materials quality. FTIR was used to identify distinct absorption bands related to hexagonal ferrites in the wavelength range 400–600 cm−1. LiFe 11-x Sm x O 17 structural examination was analyzed by XRD technique. XRD results show a single phase of synthesized materials. Unit cell volume and lattice parameters a, c, and ratio c/a were varied by samarium concentration. Lattice parameters "a and c" varied from 5.903 Å - 5.904 Å and 24.407 Å - 24.572 Å was due to the difference in ionic radii of substituent element (Sm3+) and host element (Fe3+). Unit cell volume showed an increasing trend ranged from 736.64 to 741.81 Å3. Crystallite size was calculated using Debye Scherer's formula showed an increasing trend from 37 to 41 nm with the substitution of samarium concentration. The Maxwell-Wagner model explained dielectric parameters in the 1 MHz-6 GHz frequency range. The dielectric parameters such as AC conductivity, dielectric constant, tangent loss, and dielectric loss decrease with the samarium substitution. Cole-Cole plots were used to display the grain boundary contribution of prepared materials. The existence of a single semi-circle in Cole-Cole plots demonstrated the remarkable impact of grain boundaries on the conduction process. Higher Q value made these materials beneficial for higher frequency applications, multilayer-chip inductors, and microwaves with proper cationic substitution. Oxidation states and valence of metal elements within hexa-ferrites were confirmed using XPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02728842
DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.06.084