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Structural, FTIR, and dielectric response of Sm3+ substituted β-type hexagonal ferrites synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route.

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Title: Structural, FTIR, and dielectric response of Sm3+ substituted β-type hexagonal ferrites synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route.
Authors: Asif, Rafia1 (AUTHOR) rafiaasif16@gmail.com, Khan, Muhammad Azhar1 (AUTHOR) azhar.khan@iub.edu.pk, Aslam, Bushra1 (AUTHOR), Gulbadan, Shagufta1 (AUTHOR), Alkhaldi, Noura Dawas2 (AUTHOR), Mashniwi, Mohsenah H.J.3 (AUTHOR), Boukhris, Imed3 (AUTHOR), AL-Anazy, Murefah mana4 (AUTHOR), Ashraf, Ghulam Abbas5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ceramics International. Sep2025:Part A, Vol. 51 Issue 23, p38489-38498. 10p.
Subjects: Samarium, X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, Oxides, Permittivity, Nanoparticles, Sol-gel processes, Nanoparticle size
Abstract: Samarium substituted lithium ferrite nanoparticles LiFe 11-x Sm x O 17 with step sizes (0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) were prepared using a sol-gel auto combustion process and the samples were sintered at 950 °C in a muffle furnace for 4 h. FTIR, Dielectric, XPS, and XRD were used to analyze all samples. This research mainly intended to examine surface morphology, phase purity, to enhanced materials quality. FTIR was used to identify distinct absorption bands related to hexagonal ferrites in the wavelength range 400–600 cm−1. LiFe 11-x Sm x O 17 structural examination was analyzed by XRD technique. XRD results show a single phase of synthesized materials. Unit cell volume and lattice parameters a, c, and ratio c/a were varied by samarium concentration. Lattice parameters "a and c" varied from 5.903 Å - 5.904 Å and 24.407 Å - 24.572 Å was due to the difference in ionic radii of substituent element (Sm3+) and host element (Fe3+). Unit cell volume showed an increasing trend ranged from 736.64 to 741.81 Å3. Crystallite size was calculated using Debye Scherer's formula showed an increasing trend from 37 to 41 nm with the substitution of samarium concentration. The Maxwell-Wagner model explained dielectric parameters in the 1 MHz-6 GHz frequency range. The dielectric parameters such as AC conductivity, dielectric constant, tangent loss, and dielectric loss decrease with the samarium substitution. Cole-Cole plots were used to display the grain boundary contribution of prepared materials. The existence of a single semi-circle in Cole-Cole plots demonstrated the remarkable impact of grain boundaries on the conduction process. Higher Q value made these materials beneficial for higher frequency applications, multilayer-chip inductors, and microwaves with proper cationic substitution. Oxidation states and valence of metal elements within hexa-ferrites were confirmed using XPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Structural, FTIR, and dielectric response of Sm3+ substituted β-type hexagonal ferrites synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Asif%2C+Rafia%22">Asif, Rafia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> rafiaasif16@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Khan%2C+Muhammad+Azhar%22">Khan, Muhammad Azhar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> azhar.khan@iub.edu.pk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aslam%2C+Bushra%22">Aslam, Bushra</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gulbadan%2C+Shagufta%22">Gulbadan, Shagufta</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alkhaldi%2C+Noura+Dawas%22">Alkhaldi, Noura Dawas</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mashniwi%2C+Mohsenah+H%2EJ%2E%22">Mashniwi, Mohsenah H.J.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boukhris%2C+Imed%22">Boukhris, Imed</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22AL-Anazy%2C+Murefah+mana%22">AL-Anazy, Murefah mana</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ashraf%2C+Ghulam+Abbas%22">Ashraf, Ghulam Abbas</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ceramics+International%22">Ceramics International</searchLink>. Sep2025:Part A, Vol. 51 Issue 23, p38489-38498. 10p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Samarium%22">Samarium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22X-ray+diffraction%22">X-ray diffraction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infrared+spectroscopy%22">Infrared spectroscopy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxides%22">Oxides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Permittivity%22">Permittivity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sol-gel+processes%22">Sol-gel processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanoparticle+size%22">Nanoparticle size</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Samarium substituted lithium ferrite nanoparticles LiFe 11-x Sm x O 17 with step sizes (0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) were prepared using a sol-gel auto combustion process and the samples were sintered at 950 °C in a muffle furnace for 4 h. FTIR, Dielectric, XPS, and XRD were used to analyze all samples. This research mainly intended to examine surface morphology, phase purity, to enhanced materials quality. FTIR was used to identify distinct absorption bands related to hexagonal ferrites in the wavelength range 400–600 cm−1. LiFe 11-x Sm x O 17 structural examination was analyzed by XRD technique. XRD results show a single phase of synthesized materials. Unit cell volume and lattice parameters a, c, and ratio c/a were varied by samarium concentration. Lattice parameters "a and c" varied from 5.903 Å - 5.904 Å and 24.407 Å - 24.572 Å was due to the difference in ionic radii of substituent element (Sm3+) and host element (Fe3+). Unit cell volume showed an increasing trend ranged from 736.64 to 741.81 Å3. Crystallite size was calculated using Debye Scherer's formula showed an increasing trend from 37 to 41 nm with the substitution of samarium concentration. The Maxwell-Wagner model explained dielectric parameters in the 1 MHz-6 GHz frequency range. The dielectric parameters such as AC conductivity, dielectric constant, tangent loss, and dielectric loss decrease with the samarium substitution. Cole-Cole plots were used to display the grain boundary contribution of prepared materials. The existence of a single semi-circle in Cole-Cole plots demonstrated the remarkable impact of grain boundaries on the conduction process. Higher Q value made these materials beneficial for higher frequency applications, multilayer-chip inductors, and microwaves with proper cationic substitution. Oxidation states and valence of metal elements within hexa-ferrites were confirmed using XPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.06.084
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 38489
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Samarium
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: X-ray diffraction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Infrared spectroscopy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Permittivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles
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      – SubjectFull: Sol-gel processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanoparticle size
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Structural, FTIR, and dielectric response of Sm3+ substituted β-type hexagonal ferrites synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route.
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              M: 09
              Text: Sep2025:Part A
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              Y: 2025
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