Spring and Summer Sea Ice Controls Interannual Variation in Top-of-Atmosphere Upward Shortwave Flux over the Antarctic.
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| Title: | Spring and Summer Sea Ice Controls Interannual Variation in Top-of-Atmosphere Upward Shortwave Flux over the Antarctic. |
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| Authors: | Amma, Michinari1 (AUTHOR) amichina@umich.edu, Hayasaka, Tadahiro1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Climate. Sep2025, Vol. 38 Issue 18, p4723-4737. 15p. |
| Subjects: | Sea ice, Cloudiness, Radiation, Antarctic ice, Solar radiation, Seasonal temperature variations, Upper atmosphere |
| Geographic Terms: | Antarctica |
| Abstract: | Recent sea ice changes in the Antarctic affect the radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), especially the TOA upward shortwave radiation (TOA SW↑). The effect of sea ice changes on TOA SW↑ is also affected by clouds. However, there is no quantitative evaluation of the effect of sea ice and clouds on the interannual variation in TOA SW↑ over the whole Antarctic. Focusing on a monthly scale, we investigated the interannual variation in TOA SW↑ over the Antarctic using the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observation from July 2000 to June 2023. The annual mean TOA SW↑ over the Antarctic showed a decreasing trend (−0.7 W m−2 decade−1) with relatively large interannual variability. Sea ice cover from November to January mainly explained TOA SW↑ variability, but clouds over ocean from November to January partially attenuated the effect of sea ice cover. Unlike over ocean, TOA SW↑ variability over the Antarctic was less related to TOA SW↑ variability over land. The annual mean TOA SW↑ over land showed relatively small interannual variations. These interannual variations were mainly related to cloud fraction from October to December, which was associated with the Antarctic Oscillation. Our results suggest that the amount of sea ice melt and the cloud effect in spring and summer are essential factors for the interannual variation in TOA SW↑ over the Antarctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | Recent sea ice changes in the Antarctic affect the radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), especially the TOA upward shortwave radiation (TOA SW↑). The effect of sea ice changes on TOA SW↑ is also affected by clouds. However, there is no quantitative evaluation of the effect of sea ice and clouds on the interannual variation in TOA SW↑ over the whole Antarctic. Focusing on a monthly scale, we investigated the interannual variation in TOA SW↑ over the Antarctic using the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observation from July 2000 to June 2023. The annual mean TOA SW↑ over the Antarctic showed a decreasing trend (−0.7 W m−2 decade−1) with relatively large interannual variability. Sea ice cover from November to January mainly explained TOA SW↑ variability, but clouds over ocean from November to January partially attenuated the effect of sea ice cover. Unlike over ocean, TOA SW↑ variability over the Antarctic was less related to TOA SW↑ variability over land. The annual mean TOA SW↑ over land showed relatively small interannual variations. These interannual variations were mainly related to cloud fraction from October to December, which was associated with the Antarctic Oscillation. Our results suggest that the amount of sea ice melt and the cloud effect in spring and summer are essential factors for the interannual variation in TOA SW↑ over the Antarctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 08948755 |
| DOI: | 10.1175/JCLI-D-24-0206.1 |
