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Miniaturized high-harmonic-suppressed circulators with integrated design enabled by Cu2+/Ti4+ Co-doped NiCuZn ferrites (high-εr) and LTCC technology.

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Title: Miniaturized high-harmonic-suppressed circulators with integrated design enabled by Cu2+/Ti4+ Co-doped NiCuZn ferrites (high-εr) and LTCC technology.
Authors: Cheng, Zelai1 (AUTHOR), Huo, Xingyu1 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Zhen1 (AUTHOR), Qiao, Feng2 (AUTHOR), Yang, Xiuling2 (AUTHOR), Chen, Ying3 (AUTHOR), Qu, Mingshan1,2 (AUTHOR) Wang_x_xi@163.com, Su, Hua1 (AUTHOR) uestcsh77@163.com
Source: Ceramics International. Nov2025:Part B, Vol. 51 Issue 26, p49612-49619. 8p.
Subjects: Circulators (Electrical engineering), Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic technology, Microwave materials, Ferrimagnetic materials, Applied sciences, Permittivity, Harmonic suppression filters
Abstract: This work presents a miniaturization strategy for ferrite circulators by enhancing the dielectric constant ε r of NiCuZn ferrites and LTCC technology. Highly polarizable Cu2+ and Ti4+ substitutions for Ni2+ and Fe3+ increase dielectric constant, while non-magnetic Ti4+ reduces magnetocrystalline anisotropy and narrows ferromagnetic resonance linewidth ΔH , with Cu2+ concurrently lowering sintering temperatures. In the Ni 0.42-x/2 Cu 0.18+x Zn 0.4 Ti x/2 Fe 1.98-x O 4-δ system, the x = 0.1 composition (sintered at 975 °C) achieves minimal ΔH (82 Oe), ε r ≈ 14.6, and 4π M s ≈ 4219 G, whereas x = 0.6 (sintered at 925 °C) balances ε r ≈ 20.8 with magnetic performance (ΔH ≈167 Oe, 4π M s ≈ 2117 G), confirming LTCC compatibility. A heterostructured substrate fabricated by co-firing Ni 0.12 Cu 0.78 Zn 0.4 Ti 0.3 Fe 1.38 O 4-δ ferrite (x = 0.6) with a microwave dielectric (50 wt% SrCu 0.95 Mn 0.05 Si 4 O 10 + 50 wt% Sr 3 V 2 O 8) exhibits controlled interfacial diffusion. HFSS simulations demonstrate that the integrated circulator-filter achieves significant miniaturization with >30 dB harmonic suppression (14–24 GHz) while maintaining in-band performance (| S 21 | < 1 dB, | S 11 | and | S 12 | < −20 dB at 7–12 GHz). The validates high- ε r NiCuZn ferrites and LTCC composite substrates for compact multifunctional microwave components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:This work presents a miniaturization strategy for ferrite circulators by enhancing the dielectric constant ε r of NiCuZn ferrites and LTCC technology. Highly polarizable Cu2+ and Ti4+ substitutions for Ni2+ and Fe3+ increase dielectric constant, while non-magnetic Ti4+ reduces magnetocrystalline anisotropy and narrows ferromagnetic resonance linewidth ΔH , with Cu2+ concurrently lowering sintering temperatures. In the Ni 0.42-x/2 Cu 0.18+x Zn 0.4 Ti x/2 Fe 1.98-x O 4-δ system, the x = 0.1 composition (sintered at 975 °C) achieves minimal ΔH (82 Oe), ε r ≈ 14.6, and 4π M s ≈ 4219 G, whereas x = 0.6 (sintered at 925 °C) balances ε r ≈ 20.8 with magnetic performance (ΔH ≈167 Oe, 4π M s ≈ 2117 G), confirming LTCC compatibility. A heterostructured substrate fabricated by co-firing Ni 0.12 Cu 0.78 Zn 0.4 Ti 0.3 Fe 1.38 O 4-δ ferrite (x = 0.6) with a microwave dielectric (50 wt% SrCu 0.95 Mn 0.05 Si 4 O 10 + 50 wt% Sr 3 V 2 O 8) exhibits controlled interfacial diffusion. HFSS simulations demonstrate that the integrated circulator-filter achieves significant miniaturization with >30 dB harmonic suppression (14–24 GHz) while maintaining in-band performance (| S 21 | < 1 dB, | S 11 | and | S 12 | < −20 dB at 7–12 GHz). The validates high- ε r NiCuZn ferrites and LTCC composite substrates for compact multifunctional microwave components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02728842
DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.08.200