The Effect of Chilling Temperature on the Permeability of Membranes to K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ ions and on the Electric Potential of Leaves in the Seedlings of Maize (Zea mays L.).

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Title:	The Effect of Chilling Temperature on the Permeability of Membranes to K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ ions and on the Electric Potential of Leaves in the Seedlings of Maize (Zea mays L.).
Alternate Title:	Der Einfluß von Kauml;ltetemperaturen auf die Permeabilität der Membranen gegenüber K+, Mg2+, Ca2+-Ionen und auf das elektrische Potential der Blätter von Maissämlingen (Zea mays L.).
Authors:	Filek, M.¹, Koscielniak, J.²
Source:	Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science. Apr1995, Vol. 174 Issue 3, p205-212. 8p. 4 Charts, 2 Graphs.
Subjects:	Seedlings, Corn, Leaves, Electric currents, Permeability, Cells, Ions, Low temperatures
Abstract (English):	The relations between the extent of injuries in seedlings caused by a few day-long exposures to chill (5°C) and the leakage of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions from the leaves as well as the electric potential in seven maize hybrids, were investigated. The permeability of cells to ions was defined based on their absolute concentration in a water diffusate (Ct) and concentration expressed in relation to the total ion content in the leaves (IL index). At lowered temperature the hybrids of higher resistance to chilling temperature were characterized by a lower value of the IL index for K+ and Mg2+ ions than the chill-sensitive hybrids. On the other hand, absolute concentration of the ions (Ct) Mg2+ and Ca2+ leaking from the leaves before chill exposure of the seedlings was positively and highly correlated with the extent of injuries in hybrids caused by 4 day-long exposures to chill. This observation is evidence that the chill injuries were predetermined through increased cell permeability to the mentioned ions at room temperature. Changes in the electric potential of leaves in conditions of lowered temperature preceded the injuries of leaves, which became apparent after a longer period of exposure to chill. Thus, as the leakage of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions occurs, changes in the electric potential may supply early information about the predisposition of the particular maize hybrids to chilling injuries. Leakage measurements of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions from the leaves at room temperature may find application in the selection of chill-tolerant maize genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (German):	Die Beziehungen zwischen dem Ausmaß der Schäden an Sämlingen, die durch wenige Tage Behandlung mit Kälte (5 °C) und der Abgabe von K+, Mg2+ und Ca2+-Ionen aus den Blättern sowie das elektrische Potential von sieben Maishybriden wurde untersucht. Die Permeabilität der Zellen gegenüber Ionen wurde definiert im Hinblick auf ihre absolute Konzentration in einem wässrigen Diffusionsmedium (Ct) und der Konzentration, ausgedrückt in Relation zu dem Gesamtionengehalt in den Blättern (IL index). Bei erniedrigten Temperaturen wurde die höhere Resistenz gegenüber Käketemperatur der Hybriden charakterisiert durch einen geringeren Wert des IL index für K+ und Mg2+-Ionen im Vergleich zu den kälteempfindlichen Hybriden. Auf der anderen Seite war die absolute Konzentration der Ionen (Ct) Mg2+ und Ca², die von den Blättern der Sämlinge vor der Kältebehandlung abgegeben wurde, positiv und straff korreliert mit dem Ausmaß der Schäden bei den Hybriden, die durch eine vier Tage lange Behandlung mit Kälte hervorgerufen wurden. Diese Beobachtung spricht dafür, daß die Kälteschäden mitbestimmt wurden durch die erhöhte Zellpermeabilität der Ionen bei Raumtemperatur. Anderungen im elektrischen Potential der Blätter unter den Bedingungen erniedrigter Temperatur gingen den Schäden der Blätter voraus, die nach einer längeren Periode der Kältebehandlung auftraten. Daher dürften auch vergleichbar den Abgaben von Mg2+ und Ca2+-Ionen Änderungen im elektrischen Potential eine Vorherbestimmung der jeweiligen Maishybriden gegenüber Kälteschäden möglich machen. Die Messungen von Verlusten von Mg2+ und Ca2+-Ionen in Blättern bei Raumtemperatur können geeignet sein, kältetolerante Maisgenotypen zu selektionieren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	Engineering Source

Description
Abstract:	The relations between the extent of injuries in seedlings caused by a few day-long exposures to chill (5°C) and the leakage of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions from the leaves as well as the electric potential in seven maize hybrids, were investigated. The permeability of cells to ions was defined based on their absolute concentration in a water diffusate (Ct) and concentration expressed in relation to the total ion content in the leaves (IL index). At lowered temperature the hybrids of higher resistance to chilling temperature were characterized by a lower value of the IL index for K+ and Mg2+ ions than the chill-sensitive hybrids. On the other hand, absolute concentration of the ions (Ct) Mg2+ and Ca2+ leaking from the leaves before chill exposure of the seedlings was positively and highly correlated with the extent of injuries in hybrids caused by 4 day-long exposures to chill. This observation is evidence that the chill injuries were predetermined through increased cell permeability to the mentioned ions at room temperature. Changes in the electric potential of leaves in conditions of lowered temperature preceded the injuries of leaves, which became apparent after a longer period of exposure to chill. Thus, as the leakage of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions occurs, changes in the electric potential may supply early information about the predisposition of the particular maize hybrids to chilling injuries. Leakage measurements of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions from the leaves at room temperature may find application in the selection of chill-tolerant maize genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	09312250
DOI:	10.1111/j.1439-037X.1995.tb01104.x