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Incorporation of a sulfur atom for developing a high-performance fluorescent probe for mercury ions.

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Title: Incorporation of a sulfur atom for developing a high-performance fluorescent probe for mercury ions.
Authors: Fu, Yanlin1 (AUTHOR), Fan, Yusheng1 (AUTHOR), Wang, Peitong2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Weihua1 (AUTHOR), Ding, Yubin1 (AUTHOR) ybding@njau.edu.cn, Zhao, Fang-Jie2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Dyes & Pigments. Mar2026:Part 1, Vol. 246, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Mercury (Element), Sulfur, Biological specimens, Detection algorithms, Fluorescent probes, Environmental sampling
Abstract: Selective detection of mercury species in environmental and biological samples is of great importance to avoid mercury poisoning accidents. However, the design of a high performance fluorescent probe for mercury is still a challenging task. This is because the incorporation of a specific recognition unit for mercury usually requires tedious synthetic work. The development of alternative strategies for incorporating a highly selective and sensitive mercury recognition unit in small organic dye-based probes is meaningful. Herein, a selective, sensitive and reversible fluorescent probe named RC1 was designed for mercury ion sensing by incorporating a sulfur atom into the rhodamine-coumarin conjugated structure. The sensing mechanism was ascribed to the ring opening reaction at the spirolactam moiety in RC1 , which immediately produced a strong emissive mercury complex as RC1-Hg. The afforded RC1-Hg complex can be further utilized as a fluorescent turn-off probe for S2− through the regeneration of RC1. The RC1 probe emits almost none background fluorescence and is highly selective toward mercury ion over other 20 tested metal ions with a detection limit of 23 nM. Moreover, RC1 also exhibited a sensitive fluorescence turn-on response to methylmercury with a sensitivity of 13 nM and can be fabricated into paper-based test strips. Importantly, RC1 was successfully used for imaging mercury ion in living systems such as zebrafish and rice, demonstrating its ability for mercury monitoring in real biological samples. [Display omitted] • Probe RC1 was designed and synthesized for fluorescent sensing of mercury ions. • RC1 exhibited a fluorescence turn-on response to methylmercury with a LOD of 13 nM. • RC1 can be fabricated into paper-based test strips for mercury detection. • RC1-Hg can be utilized as a fluorescent probe for S2− by regenerating RC1. • RC1 was successfully applied for imaging mercury ion in rice and zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:Selective detection of mercury species in environmental and biological samples is of great importance to avoid mercury poisoning accidents. However, the design of a high performance fluorescent probe for mercury is still a challenging task. This is because the incorporation of a specific recognition unit for mercury usually requires tedious synthetic work. The development of alternative strategies for incorporating a highly selective and sensitive mercury recognition unit in small organic dye-based probes is meaningful. Herein, a selective, sensitive and reversible fluorescent probe named RC1 was designed for mercury ion sensing by incorporating a sulfur atom into the rhodamine-coumarin conjugated structure. The sensing mechanism was ascribed to the ring opening reaction at the spirolactam moiety in RC1 , which immediately produced a strong emissive mercury complex as RC1-Hg. The afforded RC1-Hg complex can be further utilized as a fluorescent turn-off probe for S2− through the regeneration of RC1. The RC1 probe emits almost none background fluorescence and is highly selective toward mercury ion over other 20 tested metal ions with a detection limit of 23 nM. Moreover, RC1 also exhibited a sensitive fluorescence turn-on response to methylmercury with a sensitivity of 13 nM and can be fabricated into paper-based test strips. Importantly, RC1 was successfully used for imaging mercury ion in living systems such as zebrafish and rice, demonstrating its ability for mercury monitoring in real biological samples. [Display omitted] • Probe RC1 was designed and synthesized for fluorescent sensing of mercury ions. • RC1 exhibited a fluorescence turn-on response to methylmercury with a LOD of 13 nM. • RC1 can be fabricated into paper-based test strips for mercury detection. • RC1-Hg can be utilized as a fluorescent probe for S2− by regenerating RC1. • RC1 was successfully applied for imaging mercury ion in rice and zebrafish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:01437208
DOI:10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113353