Nonlinear Flow Structures from the Interaction of Internal Waves with Topography.
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| Title: | Nonlinear Flow Structures from the Interaction of Internal Waves with Topography. |
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| Authors: | Klema, Matthew R.1 (AUTHOR) mrklema@fortlewis.edu, Venayagamoorthy, S. Karan2,3 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Journal of Physical Oceanography. Dec2025, Vol. 55 Issue 12, p2477-2489. 13p. |
| Subjects: | Internal waves, Topography, Fluid flow, Fluid dynamics, Computer simulation, Flow instability, Ocean currents, Mass transfer |
| Abstract: | This paper presents numerical simulations of the interaction of first-mode internal waves with a topographic idge at the intermediate scale, O (100) m , with a focus on the evolution of flow structures. Flow structure variation and evolution is explored through direct modifications to the amplitude of the internal wave interacting with topographic features of varying wave-topographic slope (γ/s), height of the topography to the total domain depth (ht/d), and the wave Froude number (Fr = U0/cph), where γ is the internal wave slope, s is the topographic slope, ht is the height of the topography, d is the simulation depth, U0 is the maximum velocity amplitude, and cph is the linear first-mode internal wave phase speed. Cases with internal wave slope equal to the topographic slope show flow dynamics with increased mixing and mass transport due to enhanced bolus formation as compared to the same cases where the internal wave and topographic slopes do not match. Increasing wave Froude numbers also increases nonlinear dynamics and formation of internal bolus cores. Internal bolus propagation past the ridge peak highlights a similarity to gravity currents, both in scaling and in the propagation dynamics. Significance Statement: Waves that are created and propagate internally within the depth of the ocean are referred to as internal waves. The purpose of this study is to help further understand, using computer-generated simulations, fluid overturns and dynamic structures, which result when these internal waves interact with oceanic ridges. Without needing to simulate the very smallest scales of flow, we were able to show that there is more mixing and crash-like wave dynamics when the incoming wave has higher energy and when the slope of the incoming wave matched the slope of the ridge. Breaking internal waves contribute to mixing of colder bottom water with warmer water from closer to the ocean surface, mixing nutrients, and driving ocean currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents numerical simulations of the interaction of first-mode internal waves with a topographic idge at the intermediate scale, O (100) m , with a focus on the evolution of flow structures. Flow structure variation and evolution is explored through direct modifications to the amplitude of the internal wave interacting with topographic features of varying wave-topographic slope (γ/s), height of the topography to the total domain depth (ht/d), and the wave Froude number (Fr = U0/cph), where γ is the internal wave slope, s is the topographic slope, ht is the height of the topography, d is the simulation depth, U0 is the maximum velocity amplitude, and cph is the linear first-mode internal wave phase speed. Cases with internal wave slope equal to the topographic slope show flow dynamics with increased mixing and mass transport due to enhanced bolus formation as compared to the same cases where the internal wave and topographic slopes do not match. Increasing wave Froude numbers also increases nonlinear dynamics and formation of internal bolus cores. Internal bolus propagation past the ridge peak highlights a similarity to gravity currents, both in scaling and in the propagation dynamics. Significance Statement: Waves that are created and propagate internally within the depth of the ocean are referred to as internal waves. The purpose of this study is to help further understand, using computer-generated simulations, fluid overturns and dynamic structures, which result when these internal waves interact with oceanic ridges. Without needing to simulate the very smallest scales of flow, we were able to show that there is more mixing and crash-like wave dynamics when the incoming wave has higher energy and when the slope of the incoming wave matched the slope of the ridge. Breaking internal waves contribute to mixing of colder bottom water with warmer water from closer to the ocean surface, mixing nutrients, and driving ocean currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 00223670 |
| DOI: | 10.1175/JPO-D-24-0228.1 |
