Meshfree Method–Based Modeling of Distributed Nanotransmission Line Phase Shifter for 5G Wireless Applications.
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| Title: | Meshfree Method–Based Modeling of Distributed Nanotransmission Line Phase Shifter for 5G Wireless Applications. |
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| Authors: | Sindhuja, N. M. Mary1 (AUTHOR), Kanthamani, S.2 (AUTHOR), Anbalagan, Anand3 (AUTHOR) anand.anbalagan@ftveti.edu.et, Ramalakshmi, P.1 (AUTHOR), Xu, Jin (AUTHOR) xujin227@nwpu.edu.cn |
| Source: | International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering. 12/16/2025, Vol. 2025, p1-12. 12p. |
| Subjects: | Meshfree methods, Phase shifters, Electromechanical effects, Radio frequency, Computer simulation, Microstrip transmission lines, Nanoelectromechanical systems, 5G networks |
| Abstract: | The design and analysis of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs) provide significant challenges due to the dominance of surface forces, quantum‐scale effects, and complex material properties, where classical electrostatics and continuum mechanics become inadequate. Numerical modeling has therefore emerged as a powerful approach to predict device behavior prior to fabrication by ensuring reliability and stability. In this paper, a novel 3‐bit distributed NEMS transmission line (DNTL) phase shifter is proposed and modeled using the quasilinear reproducing kernel particle method (QL‐RKPM). Unlike conventional finite element or finite difference methods, the QL‐RKPM provides enhanced accuracy and convergence in capturing the electromechanical behavior of nanoscale membranes by incorporating singular moment matrices and emphasizing linear approximations suitable for large deformations. The proposed DNTL phase shifter is designed with 33 periodically loaded NEMS membranes integrated over a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line, enabling discrete phase control at three states (45°, 90°, and 180°). Each membrane is modeled with 101 particles within its structural boundary to accurately extract the up (Cu) and down (Cd) capacitance values using QL‐RKPM. The extracted capacitances, 7.06 fF and 20 pF, respectively, are incorporated into a capacitor–inductor–resistor (CLR) equivalent circuit model and simulated in the Advanced Design System (ADS) to evaluate the RF performance. The phase shifter achieves a low phase error of ±2° with an average insertion loss of −0.6 dB and a return loss of −26 dB at 22 GHz by demonstrating excellent signal integrity and efficiency. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of QL‐RKPM‐based nanoscale electromechanical modeling with RF circuit–level performance evaluation, which allows precise prediction of capacitance variations and phase states without resorting to expensive or iterative fabrication. Furthermore, the proposed design provides multibit discrete phase shifting capability with compact size, low insertion loss, and improved reliability, making it a promising candidate for high‐frequency phased arrays used in 5G wireless systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | The design and analysis of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs) provide significant challenges due to the dominance of surface forces, quantum‐scale effects, and complex material properties, where classical electrostatics and continuum mechanics become inadequate. Numerical modeling has therefore emerged as a powerful approach to predict device behavior prior to fabrication by ensuring reliability and stability. In this paper, a novel 3‐bit distributed NEMS transmission line (DNTL) phase shifter is proposed and modeled using the quasilinear reproducing kernel particle method (QL‐RKPM). Unlike conventional finite element or finite difference methods, the QL‐RKPM provides enhanced accuracy and convergence in capturing the electromechanical behavior of nanoscale membranes by incorporating singular moment matrices and emphasizing linear approximations suitable for large deformations. The proposed DNTL phase shifter is designed with 33 periodically loaded NEMS membranes integrated over a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line, enabling discrete phase control at three states (45°, 90°, and 180°). Each membrane is modeled with 101 particles within its structural boundary to accurately extract the up (Cu) and down (Cd) capacitance values using QL‐RKPM. The extracted capacitances, 7.06 fF and 20 pF, respectively, are incorporated into a capacitor–inductor–resistor (CLR) equivalent circuit model and simulated in the Advanced Design System (ADS) to evaluate the RF performance. The phase shifter achieves a low phase error of ±2° with an average insertion loss of −0.6 dB and a return loss of −26 dB at 22 GHz by demonstrating excellent signal integrity and efficiency. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of QL‐RKPM‐based nanoscale electromechanical modeling with RF circuit–level performance evaluation, which allows precise prediction of capacitance variations and phase states without resorting to expensive or iterative fabrication. Furthermore, the proposed design provides multibit discrete phase shifting capability with compact size, low insertion loss, and improved reliability, making it a promising candidate for high‐frequency phased arrays used in 5G wireless systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 10964290 |
| DOI: | 10.1155/mmce/8823750 |
