View in EDS

Metallurgical, Mechanical, and Corrosion Behavior of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Super Duplex Stainless Steel ER2594 Wall Fabricated using CMT Welding.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Metallurgical, Mechanical, and Corrosion Behavior of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Super Duplex Stainless Steel ER2594 Wall Fabricated using CMT Welding.
Authors: Pant, Shikha1 (AUTHOR), Kumar, Subodh1 (AUTHOR) skbamola@gmail.com, Shahi, A. S.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance. Jan2026, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p1799-1814. 16p.
Subjects: Duplex stainless steel, Corrosion resistance, Microhardness, Electric welding, Mechanical behavior of materials, Metallurgical research, Tensile strength
Abstract: The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique was used to fabricate a multi-layered super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) wall comprising 75 layers, employing cold metal transfer (CMT) welding. Welding resulted in variable cooling rates experienced by the wall, due to which the ferrite/austenite ratio varied across its different regions. Ferrite decreased from the bottom to the top of the wall, while austenite exhibited various morphologies, including grain boundary austenite, Widmanstätten austenite, intragranular austenite, and secondary austenite at all locations. This resulted in microhardness showing a decreasing trend from the bottom to the top of the wall, which consequently influenced its tensile performance. The bottom section exhibited 11.2% higher yield strength and 8.5% higher tensile strength than the top section. Horizontally oriented specimens displayed higher yield and tensile strength but lower elongation when compared with vertically oriented specimens. For both the orientations, impact toughness was lower in the bottom region than in the top region. Corrosion studies revealed that the bottom portion possessed relatively higher corrosion resistance than the top portion of the wall. This study underscores the effectiveness of the WAAM technique combined with the CMT process for SDSS fabrication. The data presented here can serve as a reference for developing welding procedure specifications for industrial applications involving SDSS fabrications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:The wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technique was used to fabricate a multi-layered super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) wall comprising 75 layers, employing cold metal transfer (CMT) welding. Welding resulted in variable cooling rates experienced by the wall, due to which the ferrite/austenite ratio varied across its different regions. Ferrite decreased from the bottom to the top of the wall, while austenite exhibited various morphologies, including grain boundary austenite, Widmanstätten austenite, intragranular austenite, and secondary austenite at all locations. This resulted in microhardness showing a decreasing trend from the bottom to the top of the wall, which consequently influenced its tensile performance. The bottom section exhibited 11.2% higher yield strength and 8.5% higher tensile strength than the top section. Horizontally oriented specimens displayed higher yield and tensile strength but lower elongation when compared with vertically oriented specimens. For both the orientations, impact toughness was lower in the bottom region than in the top region. Corrosion studies revealed that the bottom portion possessed relatively higher corrosion resistance than the top portion of the wall. This study underscores the effectiveness of the WAAM technique combined with the CMT process for SDSS fabrication. The data presented here can serve as a reference for developing welding procedure specifications for industrial applications involving SDSS fabrications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:10599495
DOI:10.1007/s11665-025-11650-3