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Nonlinear phase shift in twisted light by TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films.

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Title: Nonlinear phase shift in twisted light by TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films.
Authors: Garcia-de-los-Rios, Victor M1 (AUTHOR), Cabrera-Rodriguez, Ohtokani1 (AUTHOR), Carrillo-Delgado, César2 (AUTHOR), Trejo-Valdez, Martin3 (AUTHOR), Vidales-Hurtado, Mónica A4 (AUTHOR), Torres-Torres, Carlos1 (AUTHOR) ctorrest@ipn.mx
Source: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2026, Vol. 59 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Kerr electro-optical effect, Titanium dioxide films, Optical modulation, Doping agents (Chemistry), Nonlinear optics, Nanophotonics, Phase modulation, Vector beams
Abstract: A phase shift keying (PSK) modulator system integrating structured light and Kerr induced effects on TiO2-based materials is proposed. TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films were prepared by a sol–gel approach and a spin coating deposition method. Morphology and composition analysis confirmed the successful introduction of Ag dopants into the TiO2 matrix. A remarkable nonlinear refractive index sign change was highlighted from the nonlinear optical characterization by Z-scan experiments on comparable thin films. The induced birefringence generates a fast phase shift in response to high intensity irradiation, which is transformed into a helical wavefront by an optical component, resulting in a very attractive property for precise control over signal modulation for applications in PSK systems. A standard two-wave mixing was implemented to induce Kerr nonlinearities in the studied materials allowing polarization changes and a phase shift. The nonlinearities together with a phase wave plate were employed to generate structured light and an all-optical PSK modulation system. The ability to contrast and tune the phase response in the samples from the Kerr effect results in an interesting research opportunity for direct applications in all-optical telecommunication systems and a variety of nonlinear nanophotonic potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:A phase shift keying (PSK) modulator system integrating structured light and Kerr induced effects on TiO2-based materials is proposed. TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films were prepared by a sol–gel approach and a spin coating deposition method. Morphology and composition analysis confirmed the successful introduction of Ag dopants into the TiO2 matrix. A remarkable nonlinear refractive index sign change was highlighted from the nonlinear optical characterization by Z-scan experiments on comparable thin films. The induced birefringence generates a fast phase shift in response to high intensity irradiation, which is transformed into a helical wavefront by an optical component, resulting in a very attractive property for precise control over signal modulation for applications in PSK systems. A standard two-wave mixing was implemented to induce Kerr nonlinearities in the studied materials allowing polarization changes and a phase shift. The nonlinearities together with a phase wave plate were employed to generate structured light and an all-optical PSK modulation system. The ability to contrast and tune the phase response in the samples from the Kerr effect results in an interesting research opportunity for direct applications in all-optical telecommunication systems and a variety of nonlinear nanophotonic potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00223727
DOI:10.1088/1361-6463/ae3aae