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Nonlinear phase shift in twisted light by TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films.

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Title: Nonlinear phase shift in twisted light by TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films.
Authors: Garcia-de-los-Rios, Victor M1 (AUTHOR), Cabrera-Rodriguez, Ohtokani1 (AUTHOR), Carrillo-Delgado, César2 (AUTHOR), Trejo-Valdez, Martin3 (AUTHOR), Vidales-Hurtado, Mónica A4 (AUTHOR), Torres-Torres, Carlos1 (AUTHOR) ctorrest@ipn.mx
Source: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2026, Vol. 59 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Kerr electro-optical effect, Titanium dioxide films, Optical modulation, Doping agents (Chemistry), Nonlinear optics, Nanophotonics, Phase modulation, Vector beams
Abstract: A phase shift keying (PSK) modulator system integrating structured light and Kerr induced effects on TiO2-based materials is proposed. TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films were prepared by a sol–gel approach and a spin coating deposition method. Morphology and composition analysis confirmed the successful introduction of Ag dopants into the TiO2 matrix. A remarkable nonlinear refractive index sign change was highlighted from the nonlinear optical characterization by Z-scan experiments on comparable thin films. The induced birefringence generates a fast phase shift in response to high intensity irradiation, which is transformed into a helical wavefront by an optical component, resulting in a very attractive property for precise control over signal modulation for applications in PSK systems. A standard two-wave mixing was implemented to induce Kerr nonlinearities in the studied materials allowing polarization changes and a phase shift. The nonlinearities together with a phase wave plate were employed to generate structured light and an all-optical PSK modulation system. The ability to contrast and tune the phase response in the samples from the Kerr effect results in an interesting research opportunity for direct applications in all-optical telecommunication systems and a variety of nonlinear nanophotonic potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
FullText Text:
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 191386019
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Nonlinear phase shift in twisted light by TiO<subscript>2</subscript> and Ag–TiO<subscript>2</subscript> thin films.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garcia-de-los-Rios%2C+Victor+M%22">Garcia-de-los-Rios, Victor M</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cabrera-Rodriguez%2C+Ohtokani%22">Cabrera-Rodriguez, Ohtokani</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carrillo-Delgado%2C+César%22">Carrillo-Delgado, César</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trejo-Valdez%2C+Martin%22">Trejo-Valdez, Martin</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vidales-Hurtado%2C+Mónica+A%22">Vidales-Hurtado, Mónica A</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Torres-Torres%2C+Carlos%22">Torres-Torres, Carlos</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ctorrest@ipn.mx</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Physics+D%3A+Applied+Physics%22">Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 59 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kerr+electro-optical+effect%22">Kerr electro-optical effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+dioxide+films%22">Titanium dioxide films</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+modulation%22">Optical modulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Doping+agents+%28Chemistry%29%22">Doping agents (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonlinear+optics%22">Nonlinear optics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanophotonics%22">Nanophotonics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+modulation%22">Phase modulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vector+beams%22">Vector beams</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: A phase shift keying (PSK) modulator system integrating structured light and Kerr induced effects on TiO2-based materials is proposed. TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films were prepared by a sol–gel approach and a spin coating deposition method. Morphology and composition analysis confirmed the successful introduction of Ag dopants into the TiO2 matrix. A remarkable nonlinear refractive index sign change was highlighted from the nonlinear optical characterization by Z-scan experiments on comparable thin films. The induced birefringence generates a fast phase shift in response to high intensity irradiation, which is transformed into a helical wavefront by an optical component, resulting in a very attractive property for precise control over signal modulation for applications in PSK systems. A standard two-wave mixing was implemented to induce Kerr nonlinearities in the studied materials allowing polarization changes and a phase shift. The nonlinearities together with a phase wave plate were employed to generate structured light and an all-optical PSK modulation system. The ability to contrast and tune the phase response in the samples from the Kerr effect results in an interesting research opportunity for direct applications in all-optical telecommunication systems and a variety of nonlinear nanophotonic potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1088/1361-6463/ae3aae
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Kerr electro-optical effect
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Titanium dioxide films
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Optical modulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Doping agents (Chemistry)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nonlinear optics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanophotonics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phase modulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vector beams
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Nonlinear phase shift in twisted light by TiO2 and Ag–TiO2 thin films.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Garcia-de-los-Rios, Victor M
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            NameFull: Cabrera-Rodriguez, Ohtokani
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            NameFull: Carrillo-Delgado, César
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            NameFull: Trejo-Valdez, Martin
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            NameFull: Vidales-Hurtado, Mónica A
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            NameFull: Torres-Torres, Carlos
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          Dates:
            – D: 06
              M: 02
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 00223727
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              Value: 59
            – Type: issue
              Value: 5
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
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