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Fusion Splicing Technique for Minimizing Insertion Loss and Back Reflection Between Single-Mode and Hollow-Core Fibers.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Fusion Splicing Technique for Minimizing Insertion Loss and Back Reflection Between Single-Mode and Hollow-Core Fibers.
Authors: Burian, Radek1 (AUTHOR) optolab@vut.cz, Dejdar, Petr1 (AUTHOR), Munster, Petr1 (AUTHOR), Horvath, Tomas1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Fiber & Integrated Optics. 2026, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p86-104. 19p.
Subjects: Single-mode optical fibers, Insertion loss (Telecommunication), Optical fibers, Optical feedback, Fusion welding
Abstract: This paper investigates optimized fusion splicing techniques for connecting single-mode fiber (SMF) and hollow-core fiber (HCF) with the aim of minimizing insertion loss and back-reflection. Several approaches were evaluated, including direct fusion splicing, fiber tapering, angled cleaving prior to fusion, and the insertion of a graded-index (GRIN) fiber. It was observed that conventional automatic fusion settings designed for SMF result in significant end-face deformation and high splice loss. By carefully adjusting arc power, discharge position, and fiber overlap, splice performance was substantially improved. Fiber tapering enhanced mode-field alignment but required precise and repeatable control. Angled cleaving effectively reduced back-reflection, albeit at the expense of increased insertion loss. The use of a GRIN fiber provided the most effective mode-field matching, achieving the lowest insertion loss and back-reflection among the tested methods. The results demonstrate that reliable SMF–HCF splicing is feasible, however, further optimization is required to ensure long-term robustness and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:This paper investigates optimized fusion splicing techniques for connecting single-mode fiber (SMF) and hollow-core fiber (HCF) with the aim of minimizing insertion loss and back-reflection. Several approaches were evaluated, including direct fusion splicing, fiber tapering, angled cleaving prior to fusion, and the insertion of a graded-index (GRIN) fiber. It was observed that conventional automatic fusion settings designed for SMF result in significant end-face deformation and high splice loss. By carefully adjusting arc power, discharge position, and fiber overlap, splice performance was substantially improved. Fiber tapering enhanced mode-field alignment but required precise and repeatable control. Angled cleaving effectively reduced back-reflection, albeit at the expense of increased insertion loss. The use of a GRIN fiber provided the most effective mode-field matching, achieving the lowest insertion loss and back-reflection among the tested methods. The results demonstrate that reliable SMF–HCF splicing is feasible, however, further optimization is required to ensure long-term robustness and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:01468030
DOI:10.1080/01468030.2026.2629781