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Anisotropy-Driven Springback Mechanism in Cold Bending of E40 Steel: A Cross-Scale Modeling Method Based on Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Model.

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Title: Anisotropy-Driven Springback Mechanism in Cold Bending of E40 Steel: A Cross-Scale Modeling Method Based on Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Model.
Authors: Cai, Yijie1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Wenjie1,2 (AUTHOR), Yu, Zhongquan1,2 (AUTHOR), He, Pengpeng3 (AUTHOR), Yang, Chongwen4,5 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Wenqian1,2 (AUTHOR) wenqian_zh@hbut.edu.cn
Source: Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance. Feb2026, Vol. 35 Issue 8, p7529-7544. 16p.
Subjects: Anisotropy, Springback (Elasticity), Multiscale modeling, Naval architecture, Steel, Metalwork, Finite element method
Abstract: The mechanical anisotropy of the E40, a crucial material in shipbuilding, plays an essential role in predicting the springback in the doubly curved hull plate forming. This study proposes a cross-scale anisotropy modeling method for predicting the springback. Based on electron backscatter diffraction characterization, a 3D representative volume element (3D-RVE) was constructed. The anisotropic constitutions of the unit are assigned by combining the mechanical properties of the different orientations and applying them to a crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM). A materials subroutine (VUMAT) was developed and implemented in Abaqus to simulate the forming-springback processes, incorporating the calibrated Yld2004-18p yield criterion calibrated by CPFEM. Strip-forming experiments with varying die radius were processed, followed by comparative analysis between finite element predictions and experimental results, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method for accurate finite element method (FEM) prediction of springback. Therefore, this study not only presents a new framework that demonstrates significant advantages in describing the anisotropy of E40 steel and provides a novel theoretical implement for optimizing the forming precision of doubly curved ship hull plates with FEM but also offers a scheme for the cross-scale modeling of other anisotropic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:The mechanical anisotropy of the E40, a crucial material in shipbuilding, plays an essential role in predicting the springback in the doubly curved hull plate forming. This study proposes a cross-scale anisotropy modeling method for predicting the springback. Based on electron backscatter diffraction characterization, a 3D representative volume element (3D-RVE) was constructed. The anisotropic constitutions of the unit are assigned by combining the mechanical properties of the different orientations and applying them to a crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM). A materials subroutine (VUMAT) was developed and implemented in Abaqus to simulate the forming-springback processes, incorporating the calibrated Yld2004-18p yield criterion calibrated by CPFEM. Strip-forming experiments with varying die radius were processed, followed by comparative analysis between finite element predictions and experimental results, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method for accurate finite element method (FEM) prediction of springback. Therefore, this study not only presents a new framework that demonstrates significant advantages in describing the anisotropy of E40 steel and provides a novel theoretical implement for optimizing the forming precision of doubly curved ship hull plates with FEM but also offers a scheme for the cross-scale modeling of other anisotropic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:10599495
DOI:10.1007/s11665-025-12188-0