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Beyond the Highlands: Climate Drives Evolutionary Connections Between Ancient Neotropical Mountains and Lowland Biomes.

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Title: Beyond the Highlands: Climate Drives Evolutionary Connections Between Ancient Neotropical Mountains and Lowland Biomes.
Authors: Barros‐Souza, Yago1,2,3 (AUTHOR) souzayagob@gmail.com, Maianne, Monique1,2 (AUTHOR), Barduzzi, Rafael F.1,2 (AUTHOR), Borges, Leonardo M.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Global Ecology & Biogeography. Feb2026, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p1-14. 14p.
Subjects: Biomes, Climate change, Mountain forests, Angiosperms, Habitats, Mountain plants, Phylogeny
Geographic Terms: South America
Abstract: Aim: The assembly of montane plant communities through time is underlain by historical and abiotic factors. However, the extent of evolutionary connectivity between ancient highland ecosystems and surrounding lowlands remains unclear. Here, we investigate the evolutionary connections between the campos rupestres, a hyperdiverse and fragmented montane vegetation complex in eastern South America, and lowland biomes surrounding it: savannas, rainforests and seasonally dry tropical forests. Location: Eastern South America. Time Period: Cenozoic. Major Taxa Studied: Flowering plants. Methods: Using phylogenetic beta diversity analyses for 13 angiosperm clades, we assess the degree of lineage dissimilarity between campos rupestres subregions and adjacent biomes. We also apply generalised dissimilarity modelling to determine the role of climate, soil and geographic distance in shaping spatial patterns of phylogenetic composition. Results: Our results reveal high lineage permeability between campos rupestres and surrounding biomes, with lineage sharing largely reflecting biome adjacency. This pattern is mainly driven by shared climatic conditions, which are the strongest predictors of phylogenetic dissimilarity. Main Conclusions: We highlight the importance of lineage exchange between lowland and montane environments for the assembly of highland floras. By showing that lineage movements across biome boundaries have been common over time and across spatial scales, our study challenges the idea that ancient Neotropical mountains are isolated sky‐islands. Instead, we emphasise the dynamic nature of montane plant diversity and the pivotal role of climate in shaping evolutionary connections between highlands and lowlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
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Abstract:Aim: The assembly of montane plant communities through time is underlain by historical and abiotic factors. However, the extent of evolutionary connectivity between ancient highland ecosystems and surrounding lowlands remains unclear. Here, we investigate the evolutionary connections between the campos rupestres, a hyperdiverse and fragmented montane vegetation complex in eastern South America, and lowland biomes surrounding it: savannas, rainforests and seasonally dry tropical forests. Location: Eastern South America. Time Period: Cenozoic. Major Taxa Studied: Flowering plants. Methods: Using phylogenetic beta diversity analyses for 13 angiosperm clades, we assess the degree of lineage dissimilarity between campos rupestres subregions and adjacent biomes. We also apply generalised dissimilarity modelling to determine the role of climate, soil and geographic distance in shaping spatial patterns of phylogenetic composition. Results: Our results reveal high lineage permeability between campos rupestres and surrounding biomes, with lineage sharing largely reflecting biome adjacency. This pattern is mainly driven by shared climatic conditions, which are the strongest predictors of phylogenetic dissimilarity. Main Conclusions: We highlight the importance of lineage exchange between lowland and montane environments for the assembly of highland floras. By showing that lineage movements across biome boundaries have been common over time and across spatial scales, our study challenges the idea that ancient Neotropical mountains are isolated sky‐islands. Instead, we emphasise the dynamic nature of montane plant diversity and the pivotal role of climate in shaping evolutionary connections between highlands and lowlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:1466822X
DOI:10.1111/geb.70214