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Unravelling the structure–magnetism coupling in Al-substituted BaSrCa (1:1:2)-based ferrite nanoparticles.

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Title: Unravelling the structure–magnetism coupling in Al-substituted BaSrCa (1:1:2)-based ferrite nanoparticles.
Authors: Althomali, Raed H.1 (AUTHOR) r.althomali@psau.edu.sa, Asif, Sana Ullah2 (AUTHOR) sanaullahasif@gmail.com
Source: Modern Physics Letters B. 4/10/2026, Vol. 40 Issue 10, p1-18. 18p.
Subjects: Magnetic properties, Coercive fields (Electronics), Lattice constants, Chemical synthesis, Magnetic coupling, Magnetization
Abstract: Ba 0. 2 5 Sr 0. 2 5 Ca 0. 5 Fe 1 2 − x AlxO 1 9 (x = 0. 0 –3.0) M-type hexaferrites were synthesized by the sol–gel autocombustion technique to investigate the effect of Al substitution on structural and magnetic behavior. X-ray diffraction confirmed a single-phase hexagonal structure (P63/mmc, JCPDS No. 84-0757) with lattice parameters decreasing slightly from a = 5. 8 2 8 Å, c = 2 3. 1 8 5 Å to a = 5. 8 1 3 Å, c = 2 3. 1 5 9 Å, indicating lattice contraction with Al 3 + substitution. The crystallite size reduced from 62.22 nm to 49.95 nm (Scherrer method) and from 73.13 nm to 58.31 nm (Williamson–Hall method), whereas microstrain and porosity improved from 2. 7 4 × 1 0 − 4 to 4. 2 0 × 1 0 − 4 and from 11.70% to 14.11%, respectively. SEM micrographs revealed hexagonal platelet-like grains with sizes lessening from 300 nm to 450 nm (x = 0. 0) to 150–250 nm (x = 2. 0), confirming grain growth suppression by Al 3 + . Magnetic characterization exhibited a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) from 36.98 emu/g to 30.41 emu/g and an increase in coercivity (Hc) from 3.112 kOe to 3.827 kOe up to x = 2. 0 , followed by a minor decline at x = 3. 0. Curie temperature also decreased with increasing Al doping concentration due to the dilution of magnetic Fe 3 + ions. These results demonstrate that moderate Al substitution improves coercivity and anisotropy while sustaining structural stability, making the composition a promising contender for high-coercivity and microwave device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Abstract:Ba 0. 2 5 Sr 0. 2 5 Ca 0. 5 Fe 1 2 − x AlxO 1 9 (x = 0. 0 –3.0) M-type hexaferrites were synthesized by the sol–gel autocombustion technique to investigate the effect of Al substitution on structural and magnetic behavior. X-ray diffraction confirmed a single-phase hexagonal structure (P63/mmc, JCPDS No. 84-0757) with lattice parameters decreasing slightly from a = 5. 8 2 8 Å, c = 2 3. 1 8 5 Å to a = 5. 8 1 3 Å, c = 2 3. 1 5 9 Å, indicating lattice contraction with Al 3 + substitution. The crystallite size reduced from 62.22 nm to 49.95 nm (Scherrer method) and from 73.13 nm to 58.31 nm (Williamson–Hall method), whereas microstrain and porosity improved from 2. 7 4 × 1 0 − 4 to 4. 2 0 × 1 0 − 4 and from 11.70% to 14.11%, respectively. SEM micrographs revealed hexagonal platelet-like grains with sizes lessening from 300 nm to 450 nm (x = 0. 0) to 150–250 nm (x = 2. 0), confirming grain growth suppression by Al 3 + . Magnetic characterization exhibited a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) from 36.98 emu/g to 30.41 emu/g and an increase in coercivity (Hc) from 3.112 kOe to 3.827 kOe up to x = 2. 0 , followed by a minor decline at x = 3. 0. Curie temperature also decreased with increasing Al doping concentration due to the dilution of magnetic Fe 3 + ions. These results demonstrate that moderate Al substitution improves coercivity and anisotropy while sustaining structural stability, making the composition a promising contender for high-coercivity and microwave device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:02179849
DOI:10.1142/S0217984926500582