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Hybrid rotating reference frame-based control approach for seamless transition between grid-connected and islanding modes.

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Title: Hybrid rotating reference frame-based control approach for seamless transition between grid-connected and islanding modes.
Authors: Gehlot, Deepak1,2 (AUTHOR) deepak_g@ee.iitr.ac.in, Mukherjee, Shoubhik1 (AUTHOR), Krishnapriya, A.S.1 (AUTHOR), Pathak, Mukesh Kr.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Electric Power Systems Research. Jul2026, Vol. 256, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Microgrids, Synchronization software, Electric power distribution grids, Distributed resources (Electric utilities), Hardware-in-the-loop simulation
Abstract: • Proposed control maintains ROCOF below 1 Hz/s, preventing microgrid instability. • Synchronization completed in 1.3 s, compliant with IEEE 2030.7 grid standards. • Validated on OPAL‑RT HIL platform under weak‑grid, motor‑load, and faulted conditions. • Reduces computational load by 38–48 cycles versus conventional three‑loop control. • Complete stability analysis added with state-space model and eigenvalue plots. • Black-start capability demonstrated experimentally (Fig. 23). • Demonstrates stable operation for SCR < 2 and multi‑converter (4 DER) systems. • Provides hardware parameters and real‑time validation on TI TMS320F28379D controller. For ensuring a reliable and continuous power supply to critical resources, seamless switching between islanded and grid-connected modes is essential for microgrids. These microgrids are primarily composed of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) integrated through power electronic converters, which can operate as Grid-Forming (GFM) or Grid-Following (GFL) units depending on the operating conditions. While this dual control approach provides significant advantages, each of these transitions creates transient disturbance,current surges in addition to stability issues. The majority of existing transitions approaches are based on PLL or droop or adaptive methods which involve several tightly connected control loops, increasing the computational load and creating a cross-coupling between voltage and frequency regulation, which causes momentary current surges during mode transition. To overcome these challenges, this study presents three main contributions. First, it proposes a novel rotating reference frame based synchronization strategies with minimum computational burden for grid-to-island transitions which addresses transients, cross-coupling, nonlinearities. Second, it presents a synchronization controller tunning approach that ensuring adherence to the Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (ROCOF) threshold of less than 1 Hz/sec consequently reducing current transient. Third, a hybrid control framework is implemented to minimise frequency deviations during grid reconnection. To validate the developed controls, comprehensive simulations using MATLAB and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:• Proposed control maintains ROCOF below 1 Hz/s, preventing microgrid instability. • Synchronization completed in 1.3 s, compliant with IEEE 2030.7 grid standards. • Validated on OPAL‑RT HIL platform under weak‑grid, motor‑load, and faulted conditions. • Reduces computational load by 38–48 cycles versus conventional three‑loop control. • Complete stability analysis added with state-space model and eigenvalue plots. • Black-start capability demonstrated experimentally (Fig. 23). • Demonstrates stable operation for SCR < 2 and multi‑converter (4 DER) systems. • Provides hardware parameters and real‑time validation on TI TMS320F28379D controller. For ensuring a reliable and continuous power supply to critical resources, seamless switching between islanded and grid-connected modes is essential for microgrids. These microgrids are primarily composed of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) integrated through power electronic converters, which can operate as Grid-Forming (GFM) or Grid-Following (GFL) units depending on the operating conditions. While this dual control approach provides significant advantages, each of these transitions creates transient disturbance,current surges in addition to stability issues. The majority of existing transitions approaches are based on PLL or droop or adaptive methods which involve several tightly connected control loops, increasing the computational load and creating a cross-coupling between voltage and frequency regulation, which causes momentary current surges during mode transition. To overcome these challenges, this study presents three main contributions. First, it proposes a novel rotating reference frame based synchronization strategies with minimum computational burden for grid-to-island transitions which addresses transients, cross-coupling, nonlinearities. Second, it presents a synchronization controller tunning approach that ensuring adherence to the Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (ROCOF) threshold of less than 1 Hz/sec consequently reducing current transient. Third, a hybrid control framework is implemented to minimise frequency deviations during grid reconnection. To validate the developed controls, comprehensive simulations using MATLAB and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:03787796
DOI:10.1016/j.epsr.2026.112924