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Excitation of multi-channel cladding modes based on fan-shaped refractive index modulated long-period fiber gratings.

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Title: Excitation of multi-channel cladding modes based on fan-shaped refractive index modulated long-period fiber gratings.
Authors: Zhao, Xinyi1 (AUTHOR), Peng, Qingya1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Zuyao2 (AUTHOR), Wang, Fang1 (AUTHOR) mnjcdl403@126.com, Mou, Chengbo3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yunqi3 (AUTHOR), Liu, Yufang1,4 (AUTHOR) liuyufang2005@126.com
Source: Infrared Physics & Technology. May2026, Vol. 155, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Optical fiber cladding, Refractive index, Sensitivity analysis
Abstract: • Multi-parameter sensing. • Fan-shaped refractive index modulation. • Simultaneous excitation of four different azimuthal-order cladding modes (LP 14 , LP 05 , LP 15 , and LP 06 mode). • The F-LPFG achieves high refractive index sensitivity while maintaining considerable temperature and torsion sensitivity. We demonstrate a fan-shaped refractive-index-modulated long-period fiber grating (F-LPFG) in standard single-mode fiber, fabricated by CO 2 -laser point-shaped exposure. The asymmetric, sector-shaped index perturbation enables the simultaneous coupling of the fundamental core mode to multiple cladding modes with different azimuthal orders (LP 14 , LP 05 , LP 15 , and LP 06 mode) in a single grating. The F-LPFG was experimentally characterized for surrounding refractive index, torsion and temperature. The maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity reaches 7,796.10 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.445–1.457 RIU, torsional sensitivity is 0.1590 nm/(rad·m−1) over −36 to + 36 rad/m, and temperature sensitivity is 71 pm/°C from 25°C to 110°C. By monitoring multiple resonances and forming a sensitivity matrix, we demonstrate simultaneous demodulation of RI, torsion and temperature. The F-LPFG combines simultaneous multi-parameter measurement capability and a simple structure, and thus offers a compact, scalable approach for multichannel and multi-parameter fiber sensing in demanding application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:• Multi-parameter sensing. • Fan-shaped refractive index modulation. • Simultaneous excitation of four different azimuthal-order cladding modes (LP 14 , LP 05 , LP 15 , and LP 06 mode). • The F-LPFG achieves high refractive index sensitivity while maintaining considerable temperature and torsion sensitivity. We demonstrate a fan-shaped refractive-index-modulated long-period fiber grating (F-LPFG) in standard single-mode fiber, fabricated by CO 2 -laser point-shaped exposure. The asymmetric, sector-shaped index perturbation enables the simultaneous coupling of the fundamental core mode to multiple cladding modes with different azimuthal orders (LP 14 , LP 05 , LP 15 , and LP 06 mode) in a single grating. The F-LPFG was experimentally characterized for surrounding refractive index, torsion and temperature. The maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity reaches 7,796.10 nm/RIU in the RI range of 1.445–1.457 RIU, torsional sensitivity is 0.1590 nm/(rad·m−1) over −36 to + 36 rad/m, and temperature sensitivity is 71 pm/°C from 25°C to 110°C. By monitoring multiple resonances and forming a sensitivity matrix, we demonstrate simultaneous demodulation of RI, torsion and temperature. The F-LPFG combines simultaneous multi-parameter measurement capability and a simple structure, and thus offers a compact, scalable approach for multichannel and multi-parameter fiber sensing in demanding application scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:13504495
DOI:10.1016/j.infrared.2026.106494